Portable Gentle Jogger Improves Glycemic Indices in Type 2 Diabetic and Healthy Subjects Living at Home: A Pilot Study

Jose A Adams, Veronica Banderas, Jose R Lopez, Marvin A Sackner, Jose A Adams, Veronica Banderas, Jose R Lopez, Marvin A Sackner

Abstract

Background: Physical inactivity is a high-risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Increased physical activity improves indices of glycemic control. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) allows the investigation of glycemic control during activities of daily living. A pilot study was undertaken to determine the effects of the portable Gentle Jogger (passive simulated jogging device (JD)) that decreases physical inactivity by effortlessly producing body movements on glycemic indices of healthy and type 2 diabetes subjects using CGM during activities of daily living.

Methods: A single-arm, nonblinded study was carried out in 22 volunteers (11 type 2 diabetics and 11 healthy subjects), using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for 14 days. On day 4, subjects were provided with JD and instructed to use it a minimum of 3 times per day for 30 min for 7 days. CGM data was analyzed at baseline (BL) and during 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days of JD (JD 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) and 1-2-day post JD (Post JD1 and 2) and the following 24 hr indices computed mean glucose (mGLu), SUM of all glucose values, % coefficient of variation (%CV), area under the 24-hour curve (AUC), time spent above range (TAR, glucose 180-250 mg/dl), and time in range (TIR).

Results: In healthy subjects, there were significantly lower values of mGlu and SUM compared to BL for all days of JD usage. In type 2 diabetics, mGlu, SUM, and AUC were significantly lower compared to BL, for all days of JD usage and Post JD1. TAR was significantly lower and TIR significantly improved during JD, in type 2 diabetics without change in %CV.

Conclusion: Gentle Jogger is a portable, passive movement technology that reduces physical inactivity while improving 24 hr glycemic control. It can be self-administered as a standalone device or as an adjunct to diabetic medications. This trial is registered with NCT03550105.

Conflict of interest statement

JAA performs research for Sackner Wellness Products LLC and is a US copatent holder for Gentle Jogger®, the passive simulated jogging device. VB is a part time study coordinator and employee of Sackner Wellness Products LLC. JRL is a research scientist consultant with Sackner Wellness Products LLC. MAS is the president of Sackner Wellness Products LLC and is a US copatent holder for Gentle Jogger®, the passive simulated jogging device.

Copyright © 2020 Jose A. Adams et al.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Gentle Jogger (JD). The motorized pedals of the Gentle Jogger repetitively tap against a semirigid surface for simulation of locomotion while subjects are seated or lying in bed.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Representative twenty-four-hour glucose values for healthy and diabetic subjects. Twenty-four-hour raw glucose data (mg/dl) obtained from the continuous glucose monitor (CGM) at baseline (BL), 2 and 7 days of JD use (JD2, JD7), and 1 and 2 days after JD use (Post JD1, Post JD2). (a) Healthy subject. (b) Type 2 diabetic subject.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The effects of JD on glycemic indices in healthy adults. Twenty-four-hour data at baseline (BL), 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days of jogging device (JD 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) and 1 and 2 days after JD (Post JD 1, 2): (a) mean glucose (mGlu) (mg/dl), (b) 24 hr sum of glucose (SUM), (c) coefficient of variability (%CV), and (d) 24 hr area under the curve (AUC). Each point represents an individual subject, with mean and standard deviations for the group. ∗p < 0.01 compared to BL.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The effects of JD on glycemic indices in type 2 diabetics. Twenty-four-hour data at baseline (BL), 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days of jogging device (JD 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) and 1 and 2 days after JD (Post JD 1, 2): (a) mean glucose (mGlu) (mg/dl), (b) 24 hr sum of glucose values (SUM), (c) coefficient of variability (%CV), and (d) 24 hr area under the curve (AUC). Each point represents an individual subject, with the mean and standard deviations for the group. ∗p < 0.01 compared to BL.

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