Motoric cognitive risk syndrome and the risk of dementia

Abstract

Background: Despite growing evidence of links between gait and cognition in aging, cognitive risk assessments that incorporate motoric signs have not been examined. We sought to validate a new Motoric Cognitive Risk (MCR) syndrome to identify individuals at high risk of developing dementia.

Methods: We evaluated 997 community residing individuals aged 70 and older participating in the Einstein Aging Study over a median follow-up time of 36.9 months. MCR syndrome was defined as presence of cognitive complaints and slow gait (one standard deviation below age- and sex-specific gait speed means) in nondemented individuals. Cox models were used to evaluate the effect of MCR syndrome on the risk of developing dementia and subtypes.

Results: Fifty-two participants met criteria for MCR syndrome at baseline with a prevalence of 7% (95% CI: 5-9%). Prevalence of MCR increased with age. Participants with MCR were at higher risk of developing dementia (hazard ratio [HR] adjusted for age, sex, and education: 3.27, 95% CI: 1.55-6.90) and vascular dementia (adjusted HR: 12.81, 95% CI: 4.98-32.97). The association of MCR with risk of dementia or vascular dementia remained significant even after accounting for other confounders and diagnostic overlap with "cognitive" mild cognitive impairment syndrome subtypes.

Conclusions: A motor-based MCR syndrome provides a clinical approach to identify individuals at high risk for dementia, especially vascular dementia, to target for further investigations and who may benefit from preventive interventions.

Figures

Figure 1.

Survival plots show the cumulative risk of developing any dementia (A) and vascular dementia (VaD) (B) based on baseline motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome status.