Vestibular migraine: clinical and epidemiological aspects

Ligia Oliveira Gonçalves Morganti, Márcio Cavalcante Salmito, Juliana Antoniolli Duarte, Karina Cavalcanti Bezerra, Juliana Caminha Simões, Fernando Freitas Ganança, Ligia Oliveira Gonçalves Morganti, Márcio Cavalcante Salmito, Juliana Antoniolli Duarte, Karina Cavalcanti Bezerra, Juliana Caminha Simões, Fernando Freitas Ganança

Abstract

Introduction: Vestibular migraine (VM) is one of the most often common diagnoses in neurotology, but only recently has been recognized as a disease.

Objective: To analyze the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with VM.

Methods: This was a retrospective, observational, and descriptive study, with analysis of patients' records from an outpatient VM clinic.

Results: 94.1% of patients were females and 5.9% were males. The mean age was 46.1 years; 65.6% of patients had had headache for a longer period than dizziness. A correlation was detected between VM symptoms and the menstrual period. 61.53% of patients had auditory symptoms, with tinnitus the most common, although tonal audiometry was normal in 68.51%. Vectoelectronystagmography was normal in 67.34%, 10.20% had hyporeflexia, and 22.44% had vestibular hyperreflexia. Electrophysiological assessment showed no abnormalities in most patients. Fasting plasma glucose and glycemic curve were normal in most patients, while the insulin curve was abnormal in 75%. 82% of individuals with MV showed abnormalities on the metabolism of carbohydrates.

Conclusion: VM affects predominantly middle-aged women, with migraine headache representing the first symptom, several years before vertigo. Physical, auditory, and vestibular evaluations are usually normal. The most frequent vestibular abnormality was hyperreflexia. Most individuals showed abnormality related to carbohydrate metabolism.

Keywords: Dizziness; Migraine disorders; Migrânea vestibular; Tontura; Transtornos de enxaqueca; Vertigem; Vertigo; Vestibular migraine.

Copyright © 2015 Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

Figures

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Figure 1
Diagnostic criteria. Lempert T, Olesen J, Furman J, Waterston, Seemungal B, Carey J, et al. Vestibular migraine: Diagnostic criteria Consensus document of the Bárány Society and the International Headache Society. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2014;170:401–6.

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