Mental Health and Quality of Life among Dental Students during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Maja Milošević Marković, Milan B Latas, Srđan Milovanović, Sanja Totić Poznanović, Miloš M Lazarević, Milica Jakšić Karišik, Jana Đorđević, Zoran Mandinić, Svetlana Jovanović, Maja Milošević Marković, Milan B Latas, Srđan Milovanović, Sanja Totić Poznanović, Miloš M Lazarević, Milica Jakšić Karišik, Jana Đorđević, Zoran Mandinić, Svetlana Jovanović

Abstract

Students are particularly vulnerable from the mental health aspect, which was especially recognized during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to reveal the impact of COVID-19 on quality of life (QoL) and mental health among dental students. The study was conducted on a sample of 797 students (207 male and 592 female) with an average age of 21.7 ± 2.4, from the School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade. The measurements used in the study were the Demographic and Academic Questionnaire, Questionnaire about exposure to COVID-19, COVID-19-Impact on QoL Questionnaire (COV19-QoL), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The mean total score for COV19-QoL was 2.9 ± 0.9, while the diagnostic criteria of GAD-7 and depression met 19.9% and 31.4% of students, respectively. There was a positive and strong correlation between QoL, anxiety, and depression. During COVID-19, predictors for lower perceptions of QoL were female gender and death of close relatives (p = 0.049, p = 0.005, respectively). At the same time, predictors for GAD were female gender, living in dormitories, and death of close relatives (p = 0.019, p = 0.011, p = 0.028, respectively), while for depression they were year of study, living with parents, and death of close relatives due to COVID-19 (p = 0.012, p = 0.008, p = 0.029, respectively). The study showed that students' QoL and mental health during the pandemic were at high risk.

Keywords: COVID-19; Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9); dental environment; dental students; generalized anxiety disorder (GAD); public health; quality of life.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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