An update on local anesthesia for pediatric dental patients

Faizal C Peedikayil, Ajoy Vijayan, Faizal C Peedikayil, Ajoy Vijayan

Abstract

Pain control is an important part of dentistry, particularly in the management of children. Behavior guidance, and dose and technique of administration of the local anesthetic are important considerations in the successful treatment of a pediatric patient. The purpose of the present review is to discuss the relevant data on topics involved, and on the current methods available in the administration of local anesthesia used for pediatric dental patients.

Keywords: Local anesthesia; pain control; pedodontics.

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: None declared.

References

    1. Milgrom P, Coldwell SE, Getz T, Weinstein P, Ramsay DS. Four dimensions of fear of dental injections. J Am Dent Assoc. 1997;128:756–66.
    1. Dower JS, Jr, Simon JF, Peltier B, Chambers D. Patients who make a dential most anxious about giving injections. J Californian Dent Assoc. 1995;23:34–40.
    1. Simon JF, Peltier B, Chanbers D, Dower J. Dentists troubled by the administration of anesthetic injections: Long-term stress and effects. Quint Int. 1994;25:641–6.
    1. Troutman KC. Pharmacologic Management of pain and anziety for pediatric patients. In: Wei SH, editor. Pediatric Dentistry Total Patient Care. Philadelphia, PA: Lea and Febbiger; 1985. pp. 156–62.
    1. Wilson SW, Dilley DC, Vann WF, Jr, Anderson JA. Pain and anxiety control (Partl: Pain perception control) In: Pickham J, Casmassinno PS, Field HW, Mctigue DJ, Nowak A, editors. Pediatric Dentistry, Infancy Through Adolescesce. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1999. pp. 108–15.
    1. Scott DB, Jebson PJ, Braid DP, Prtengren B, Frish P. Factors affecting plasma levels of lignocaine and prilocaine. Br J Anaesth. 1972;44:1040–9.
    1. Cannell H, Walters H, Beckett AH, Saunders A. Circulating levels of lignocaine after peri-oral injections. Br Dent J. 1975;138:87–93.
    1. Malamed SF. Handbook of Local Anesthesia. 5th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby; 2004. Local complications; pp. 285–7.
    1. Hersh EV, Hermann DG, Lamp CI. Assessing the duration of mandibular soft tissue anesthesia. J Am Dent Assoc. 1995;126:1531–6.
    1. Malamed SF. Hand-book of Local Anesthesia. 5th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby; 2004. Pharmacology of vasoconstrictors; pp. 41–54.
    1. Jeske AH, Blanton PL. Misconceptions involving dental local anesthesia. Part 2: Pharmacology. Tex Dent J. 2002;119:310–4.
    1. Haas DA. An update on local anesthetics in dentistry. J Can Dent Assoc. 2002;68:546–51.
    1. Scott DB. Toxicity caused by local anesthetic drugs. Br J Anaesth. 1981;53:553–4.
    1. Yagiela JA. Adverse drug interactions in dental practice: Interactions associated with vasoconstrictors. J Am Dent Assoc. 1999;130:701–9.
    1. Haas DA, Lennon D. A 21 year retrospective study of reports of paresthesia following local anesthetic administration. J Can Dent Assoc. 1995;61:319.
    1. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry () Guideline on Use of Local Anesthesia for Pediatric Dental Patients. Clinical Guidelines, reference manual. 2009. available from .
    1. Kravitz ND. The use of compound topical anesthetics: A review. J Am Dent Assoc. 2007;138:1333–9.
    1. Chi D, Kanellis M, Himadi E, Asselin ME. Lip biting in a pediatric dental patient after dental local anesthesia: A case report. J Pediatr Nurs. 2008;23:490–3.
    1. Boronat-López A, Peñarrocha-Diago M. Failure of locoregional anesthesia in dental practice. Review of the literature. Med Oral Pathol Oral Circ Bucal. 2006;11:E510–3.
    1. Wong MK, Jacobsen PL. Reasons for local anesthesia failures. J Am Dent Assoc. 1992;123:69–73.
    1. Ogle OE, Mahjoubi G. Local Anesthesia: Agents, Techniques, and Complications. Dent Clin North Am. 2012;56:133–48.
    1. Wright GZ, Weinberger SJ, Marti R, Plotzke O. The effectiveness of infiltration anesthesia in the mandibular primary molar region. Pediatr Dent. 1991;13:278–83.
    1. Oulis C, Vadiakas G, Vasilopoulou A. The effectiveness of mandibular infiltration compared to mandibular block anesthesia in treating primary molars in children. Pediatr Dent. 1996;18:301–5.
    1. Malamed SF. Handbook of Local Anesthesia. 5th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby; 2004. Anatomical considerations; pp. 173–4.
    1. Roberts GJ, Holzel HS, Sury MR, Simmons Dental bacteremia in children. Ped Cardiol. 1997;18:24–7.
    1. Van Gheluwe MS, Walton R. Intrapulpal injection. Factors related to effectiveness. Oral Surg. 1997;83:38–40.
    1. Meechan JG. How to overcome failed local anaesthesia. Br Dent J. 1999;186:15–20.
    1. Koyuturk AE, Avsar A, Sumer M. Efficacy of dental practitioners in injection techniques: Computerized device and traditional syringe. Quintessence Int. 2009;40:73–7.
    1. Blanton PL, Jeske AH. Dental local anesthetics: Alternative delivery methods. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003;134:228–34.
    1. Harvey M, Elliott M. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for pain management during cavity preparations in pediatric patient. ASDC J Dent child. 1995;62:49–51.
    1. Dhindsa A, Pandit IK, Srivastava N, Gugnani N. Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of electronic dental anesthesia with 2% lignocaine in various minor pediatric dental procedures: A clinical study. Contemp Clin Dent. 2011;2:27–30.
    1. Hersh EV, Houpt MI, Cooper SA, Feldman RS, Wolff MS, Levin LM. Analgesic efficacy and safety of an intra-oral lidocaine patch. J Am Dent Assoc. 1996;127:1626–34.
    1. Ram D, Peretz B. Administering local anaesthesia to paediatric dental patientscurrent status and prospects for the future. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2002;12:80–9.
    1. Dabarakis NN, Alexander V, Tsirlis AT, Parissis NA, Nikolaos M. Needle-less local anesthesia: Clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of jet anesthesia Injex in local anesthesia in dentistry. Quintessence Int. 2007;38:572–6.

Source: PubMed

3
Subscribe