Antimycobacterial Activity and Safety Profile Assessment of Alpinia galanga and Tinospora cordifolia

Mohamed F Alajmi, Ramzi A Mothana, Adnan J Al-Rehaily, Jamal M Khaled, Mohamed F Alajmi, Ramzi A Mothana, Adnan J Al-Rehaily, Jamal M Khaled

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a common deadly infectious disease and worldwide a major health problem. The current study was therefore designed to investigate the in vitro antimycobacterial activity of different extracts of Alpinia galanga and Tinospora cordifolia. Moreover, a safety assessment for both plants was carried out. Dichloromethane and ethanolic extracts of each plant were examined against H37Rv INH-sensitive and resistant INH strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The safety assessment of both plants has been performed through in vivo acute and chronic toxicity studies in animal model. Body weight, food consumption, water intake, organ's weight, and haematological and biochemical parameters of blood and serum were evaluated. The extracts of A. galanga and T. cordifolia produced significant and dose-dependent inhibitory activity with maximum effect of 18-32% at 50 μg/ml against both strains of M. tuberculosis. No effect on the body weight or food and water consumption was observed but A. galanga caused significantly an increase in the relative weight of the heart, liver, spleen, and kidney. Haematological studies of both plants revealed a slight but significant fall in the RBC and WBC level as well as haemoglobin and platelets. In addition, A. galanga extracts increased significantly liver enzymes and bilirubin and glucose.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effect of Alpinia galanga dichloromethane extract (AGDC) and Alpinia galanga ethanol extract (AGET) on sensitive strain (AGDCS and AGETS) and resistant strain (AGDCR and AGETR) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT). Results presented as mean % inhibition ± SD and compared to control nontreated MT.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of Tinospora cordifolia dichloromethane extract (TCDC) and Tinospora cordifolia ethanol extract (TCET) on sensitive strain (TCDCS and TCETS) and resistant strain (TCDCR and TCETR) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT). Results are presented as mean of per cent inhibition ± SD and compared to control nontreated MT.

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