Perfusion Parameters in Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging with Indocyanine Green: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Lauren N Goncalves, Pim van den Hoven, Jan van Schaik, Laura Leeuwenburgh, Cas H F Hendricks, Pieter S Verduijn, Koen E A van der Bogt, Carla S P van Rijswijk, Abbey Schepers, Alexander L Vahrmeijer, Jaap F Hamming, Joost R van der Vorst, Lauren N Goncalves, Pim van den Hoven, Jan van Schaik, Laura Leeuwenburgh, Cas H F Hendricks, Pieter S Verduijn, Koen E A van der Bogt, Carla S P van Rijswijk, Abbey Schepers, Alexander L Vahrmeijer, Jaap F Hamming, Joost R van der Vorst

Abstract

(1) Background: Near-infrared fluorescence imaging is a technique capable of assessing tissue perfusion and has been adopted in various fields including plastic surgery, vascular surgery, coronary arterial disease, and gastrointestinal surgery. While the usefulness of this technique has been broadly explored, there is a large variety in the calculation of perfusion parameters. In this systematic review, we aim to provide a detailed overview of current perfusion parameters, and determine the perfusion parameters with the most potential for application in near-infrared fluorescence imaging. (2) Methods: A comprehensive search of the literature was performed in Pubmed, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane Review. We included all clinical studies referencing near-infrared perfusion parameters. (3) Results: A total of 1511 articles were found, of which, 113 were suitable for review, with a final selection of 59 articles. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging parameters are heterogeneous in their correlation to perfusion. Time-related parameters appear superior to absolute intensity parameters in a clinical setting. (4) Conclusions: This literature review demonstrates the variety of parameters selected for the quantification of perfusion in near-infrared fluorescence imaging.

Keywords: indocyanine green; near infrared fluorescence; perfusion imaging.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols flow chart for the selection of included studies.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic representation I of the perfusion parameters in Table 1.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Schematic Representation II of the perfusion parameters in Table 1.

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