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Acute Effects of Active Breaks and Physically Active Learning in University Students (PAL UNI)

8. september 2026 opdateret af: Carlos Martín Martínez, Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Acute Effects of Active Breaks and Physically Active Learning on Executive Functions, Interest-Enjoyment, and Academic Performance in University Students

This multicenter randomized crossover study will examine the acute effects of four classroom break conditions on executive functions, immediate academic performance, perceived exertion, and interest-enjoyment in university students. Each participant will complete four experimental sessions in which a different 15-minute condition will be implemented: a sedentary free break, a sedentary academic review break, an active break without academic content, and physically active learning combining movement with academic review. Cognitive performance will be assessed before and after each session using Stroop and N-Back tasks. Academic performance, perceived exertion, and interest-enjoyment will be assessed after each experimental session.

Studieoversigt

Status

Ikke rekrutterer endnu

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Detaljeret beskrivelse

This is a multicenter, randomized, counterbalanced crossover study conducted in university students from eight Spanish universities.

Participants will first complete a familiarization session in which study procedures, cognitive assessments, and the participant identification system will be explained and practiced.

Each participant will subsequently complete four experimental sessions, separated by at least one week whenever feasible. Each experimental session will include:

  1. A 10-minute PRE assessment including Stroop and N-Back tests.
  2. Approximately 45 minutes of regular academic instruction.
  3. A 15-minute experimental classroom break.
  4. Up to 10 additional minutes of regular instruction.
  5. An immediate POST assessment including Stroop, N-Back, a 10-item academic performance test, perceived exertion, and interest-enjoyment.

The four experimental conditions will be:

A. Sedentary free break without academic content. B. Sedentary academic review using true/false questions. C. Active break without academic content. D. Physically active learning combining the same physical activities used in Condition C with academic true/false questions.

The order of the four conditions will be randomized and counterbalanced across participating groups. Participants will therefore act as their own controls.

A subsample of participants may wear accelerometers to objectively characterize physical activity and sedentary behavior during the experimental sessions.

Undersøgelsestype

Interventionel

Tilmelding (Anslået)

700

Fase

  • Ikke anvendelig

Kontakter og lokationer

Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.

Studiekontakt

Studiesteder

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

  • Voksen
  • Ældre voksen

Tager imod sunde frivillige

Ja

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • University students aged 18 years or older.
  • Currently enrolled in one of the participating university courses/classes.
  • Provision of informed consent.
  • Ability to participate safely in light-to-moderate classroom physical activity.
  • Ability to complete computerized cognitive assessments.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Injury, illness, or medical condition contraindicating participation in physical activity.
  • Acute illness or other condition on the day of testing likely to substantially affect attention or cognitive performance.
  • Inability to complete the required computerized cognitive assessments.

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

  • Primært formål: Grundvidenskab
  • Tildeling: Randomiseret
  • Interventionel model: Crossover opgave
  • Maskning: Ingen (Åben etiket)

Våben og indgreb

Deltagergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Ingen indgriben: Sedentary Free Break
Participants complete a 15-minute sedentary break without structured physical activity or academic review.
Eksperimentel: Sedentary Academic Review
Participants remain sedentary during a 15-minute academic review activity based on true/false questions related to content presented during the preceding 45 minutes of class.
Adfærdsmæssigt: Sedentary Academic Review
A 15-minute sedentary academic review activity using 10 true/false questions based on academic content presented during the first 45 minutes of the session.
Eksperimentel: Active Break Without Academic Content
Participants complete a standardized 15-minute active break involving moderate physical activities without academic content.
Adfærdsmæssigt: Active Break
A standardized 15-minute classroom physical activity break without academic content.
Eksperimentel: Physically Active Learning
Participants complete a standardized 15-minute physically active learning session combining physical movements with true/false questions related to academic content presented during the preceding 45 minutes.
Adfærdsmæssigt: Physically Active Learning
A standardized 15-minute intervention combining physical activity with academic true/false questions. Participants respond to academic questions through predefined physical movements.

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Change in Inhibitory Control Assessed by the Stroop Test
Tidsramme: Immediately before and approximately 10 minutes after the 15-minute experimental condition, during each of the four experimental sessions.
Inhibitory control will be assessed using the Stroop task. Outcomes will include response accuracy and reaction time. Acute change will be calculated by comparing PRE and POST performance within each experimental session.
Immediately before and approximately 10 minutes after the 15-minute experimental condition, during each of the four experimental sessions.
Change in Working Memory Assessed by the N-Back Test
Tidsramme: Immediately before and approximately 10 minutes after the experimental condition, during each of the four experimental sessions.
Working memory will be assessed using the N-Back task. Outcomes will include accuracy, omissions/errors, and reaction time. Acute change will be calculated from PRE to POST within each experimental session.
Immediately before and approximately 10 minutes after the experimental condition, during each of the four experimental sessions.
Immediate Academic Performance
Tidsramme: Approximately 10 minutes after the experimental condition, during each of the four experimental sessions.
Academic performance will be assessed using a 10-item multiple-choice test developed specifically for the academic content taught during each experimental session. Each question will have three response options and one correct answer. The outcome will be the number of correct responses, ranging from 0 to 10.
Approximately 10 minutes after the experimental condition, during each of the four experimental sessions.

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Interest-Enjoyment
Tidsramme: Approximately 10 minutes after the experimental condition, during each of the four experimental sessions.
Interest and enjoyment will be assessed using three items from the Interest/Enjoyment subscale of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory.
Approximately 10 minutes after the experimental condition, during each of the four experimental sessions.
Rating of Perceived Exertion
Tidsramme: Approximately 10 minutes after the experimental condition, during each of the four experimental sessions.
Perceived exertion during the 15-minute experimental condition will be assessed using a 0-10 Rating of Perceived Exertion scale, where higher scores indicate greater perceived exertion.
Approximately 10 minutes after the experimental condition, during each of the four experimental sessions.

Andre resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Physical Activity During Experimental Sessions
Tidsramme: Throughout each experimental classroom session, approximately 2 hours.
In a subsample of participants, triaxial accelerometers will objectively assess sedentary time, light physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and mean activity intensity during the experimental sessions.
Throughout each experimental classroom session, approximately 2 hours.

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.

Sponsor

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Samarbejdspartnere

University of Alcala
Universidad Pública de Navarra
Universidad Politecnica de Madrid
Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
University of Castilla-La Mancha
Universitat de les Illes Balears
University of Huelva

Efterforskere

  • Ledende efterforsker: Carlos Martín-Martínez, PhD, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
  • Studieleder: Óscar Martínez de Quel Pérez, PhD, Universidad Pública de Navarra

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Anslået)

15. september 2026

Primær færdiggørelse (Anslået)

30. juni 2027

Studieafslutning (Anslået)

31. juli 2027

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

3. september 2026

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

3. september 2026

Først opslået (Faktiske)

9. september 2026

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

10. september 2026

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

8. september 2026

Sidst verificeret

1. september 2026

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Nøgleord

Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • PAL-UNI-2026

Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)

Planlægger du at dele individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)?

INGEN

IPD-planbeskrivelse

Individual participant data will not be publicly shared due to data protection and confidentiality considerations. Aggregated and anonymized study results may be made available upon reasonable request, subject to institutional and ethical approval.

Lægemiddel- og udstyrsoplysninger, undersøgelsesdokumenter

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