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Acute Effects of Active Breaks and Physically Active Learning in University Students (PAL UNI)

8 de setembro de 2026 atualizado por: Carlos Martín Martínez, Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Acute Effects of Active Breaks and Physically Active Learning on Executive Functions, Interest-Enjoyment, and Academic Performance in University Students

This multicenter randomized crossover study will examine the acute effects of four classroom break conditions on executive functions, immediate academic performance, perceived exertion, and interest-enjoyment in university students. Each participant will complete four experimental sessions in which a different 15-minute condition will be implemented: a sedentary free break, a sedentary academic review break, an active break without academic content, and physically active learning combining movement with academic review. Cognitive performance will be assessed before and after each session using Stroop and N-Back tasks. Academic performance, perceived exertion, and interest-enjoyment will be assessed after each experimental session.

Visão geral do estudo

Status

Ainda não está recrutando

Condições

Intervenção / Tratamento

Descrição detalhada

This is a multicenter, randomized, counterbalanced crossover study conducted in university students from eight Spanish universities.

Participants will first complete a familiarization session in which study procedures, cognitive assessments, and the participant identification system will be explained and practiced.

Each participant will subsequently complete four experimental sessions, separated by at least one week whenever feasible. Each experimental session will include:

  1. A 10-minute PRE assessment including Stroop and N-Back tests.
  2. Approximately 45 minutes of regular academic instruction.
  3. A 15-minute experimental classroom break.
  4. Up to 10 additional minutes of regular instruction.
  5. An immediate POST assessment including Stroop, N-Back, a 10-item academic performance test, perceived exertion, and interest-enjoyment.

The four experimental conditions will be:

A. Sedentary free break without academic content. B. Sedentary academic review using true/false questions. C. Active break without academic content. D. Physically active learning combining the same physical activities used in Condition C with academic true/false questions.

The order of the four conditions will be randomized and counterbalanced across participating groups. Participants will therefore act as their own controls.

A subsample of participants may wear accelerometers to objectively characterize physical activity and sedentary behavior during the experimental sessions.

Tipo de estudo

Intervencional

Inscrição (Estimado)

700

Estágio

  • Não aplicável

Contactos e Locais

Esta seção fornece os detalhes de contato para aqueles que conduzem o estudo e informações sobre onde este estudo está sendo realizado.

Contato de estudo

Locais de estudo

  • Espanha
    • Navarre
      • Pamplona, Navarre, Espanha

Critérios de participação

Os pesquisadores procuram pessoas que se encaixem em uma determinada descrição, chamada de critérios de elegibilidade. Alguns exemplos desses critérios são a condição geral de saúde de uma pessoa ou tratamentos anteriores.

Critérios de elegibilidade

Idades elegíveis para estudo

  • Adulto
  • Adulto mais velho

Aceita Voluntários Saudáveis

Sim

Descrição

Inclusion Criteria:

  • University students aged 18 years or older.
  • Currently enrolled in one of the participating university courses/classes.
  • Provision of informed consent.
  • Ability to participate safely in light-to-moderate classroom physical activity.
  • Ability to complete computerized cognitive assessments.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Injury, illness, or medical condition contraindicating participation in physical activity.
  • Acute illness or other condition on the day of testing likely to substantially affect attention or cognitive performance.
  • Inability to complete the required computerized cognitive assessments.

Plano de estudo

Esta seção fornece detalhes do plano de estudo, incluindo como o estudo é projetado e o que o estudo está medindo.

Como o estudo é projetado?

Detalhes do projeto

  • Finalidade Principal: Ciência básica
  • Alocação: Randomizado
  • Modelo Intervencional: Atribuição cruzada
  • Mascaramento: Nenhum (rótulo aberto)

Armas e Intervenções

Grupo de Participantes / Braço
Intervenção / Tratamento
Sem intervenção: Sedentary Free Break
Participants complete a 15-minute sedentary break without structured physical activity or academic review.
Experimental: Sedentary Academic Review
Participants remain sedentary during a 15-minute academic review activity based on true/false questions related to content presented during the preceding 45 minutes of class.
Comportamental: Sedentary Academic Review
A 15-minute sedentary academic review activity using 10 true/false questions based on academic content presented during the first 45 minutes of the session.
Experimental: Active Break Without Academic Content
Participants complete a standardized 15-minute active break involving moderate physical activities without academic content.
Comportamental: Active Break
A standardized 15-minute classroom physical activity break without academic content.
Experimental: Physically Active Learning
Participants complete a standardized 15-minute physically active learning session combining physical movements with true/false questions related to academic content presented during the preceding 45 minutes.
Comportamental: Physically Active Learning
A standardized 15-minute intervention combining physical activity with academic true/false questions. Participants respond to academic questions through predefined physical movements.

O que o estudo está medindo?

Medidas de resultados primários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Change in Inhibitory Control Assessed by the Stroop Test
Prazo: Immediately before and approximately 10 minutes after the 15-minute experimental condition, during each of the four experimental sessions.
Inhibitory control will be assessed using the Stroop task. Outcomes will include response accuracy and reaction time. Acute change will be calculated by comparing PRE and POST performance within each experimental session.
Immediately before and approximately 10 minutes after the 15-minute experimental condition, during each of the four experimental sessions.
Change in Working Memory Assessed by the N-Back Test
Prazo: Immediately before and approximately 10 minutes after the experimental condition, during each of the four experimental sessions.
Working memory will be assessed using the N-Back task. Outcomes will include accuracy, omissions/errors, and reaction time. Acute change will be calculated from PRE to POST within each experimental session.
Immediately before and approximately 10 minutes after the experimental condition, during each of the four experimental sessions.
Immediate Academic Performance
Prazo: Approximately 10 minutes after the experimental condition, during each of the four experimental sessions.
Academic performance will be assessed using a 10-item multiple-choice test developed specifically for the academic content taught during each experimental session. Each question will have three response options and one correct answer. The outcome will be the number of correct responses, ranging from 0 to 10.
Approximately 10 minutes after the experimental condition, during each of the four experimental sessions.

Medidas de resultados secundários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Interest-Enjoyment
Prazo: Approximately 10 minutes after the experimental condition, during each of the four experimental sessions.
Interest and enjoyment will be assessed using three items from the Interest/Enjoyment subscale of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory.
Approximately 10 minutes after the experimental condition, during each of the four experimental sessions.
Rating of Perceived Exertion
Prazo: Approximately 10 minutes after the experimental condition, during each of the four experimental sessions.
Perceived exertion during the 15-minute experimental condition will be assessed using a 0-10 Rating of Perceived Exertion scale, where higher scores indicate greater perceived exertion.
Approximately 10 minutes after the experimental condition, during each of the four experimental sessions.

Outras medidas de resultado

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Physical Activity During Experimental Sessions
Prazo: Throughout each experimental classroom session, approximately 2 hours.
In a subsample of participants, triaxial accelerometers will objectively assess sedentary time, light physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and mean activity intensity during the experimental sessions.
Throughout each experimental classroom session, approximately 2 hours.

Colaboradores e Investigadores

É aqui que você encontrará pessoas e organizações envolvidas com este estudo.

Patrocinador

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Colaboradores

University of Alcala
Universidad Pública de Navarra
Universidad Politecnica de Madrid
Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
University of Castilla-La Mancha
Universitat de les Illes Balears
University of Huelva

Investigadores

  • Investigador principal: Carlos Martín-Martínez, PhD, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
  • Diretor de estudo: Óscar Martínez de Quel Pérez, PhD, Universidad Pública de Navarra

Datas de registro do estudo

Essas datas acompanham o progresso do registro do estudo e os envios de resumo dos resultados para ClinicalTrials.gov. Os registros do estudo e os resultados relatados são revisados ​​pela National Library of Medicine (NLM) para garantir que atendam aos padrões específicos de controle de qualidade antes de serem publicados no site público.

Datas Principais do Estudo

Início do estudo (Estimado)

15 de setembro de 2026

Conclusão Primária (Estimado)

30 de junho de 2027

Conclusão do estudo (Estimado)

31 de julho de 2027

Datas de inscrição no estudo

Enviado pela primeira vez

3 de setembro de 2026

Enviado pela primeira vez que atendeu aos critérios de CQ

3 de setembro de 2026

Primeira postagem (Real)

9 de setembro de 2026

Atualizações de registro de estudo

Última Atualização Postada (Real)

10 de setembro de 2026

Última atualização enviada que atendeu aos critérios de controle de qualidade

8 de setembro de 2026

Última verificação

1 de setembro de 2026

Mais Informações

Termos relacionados a este estudo

Palavras-chave

Termos MeSH relevantes adicionais

Outros números de identificação do estudo

  • PAL-UNI-2026

Plano para dados de participantes individuais (IPD)

Planeja compartilhar dados de participantes individuais (IPD)?

NÃO

Descrição do plano IPD

Individual participant data will not be publicly shared due to data protection and confidentiality considerations. Aggregated and anonymized study results may be made available upon reasonable request, subject to institutional and ethical approval.

Informações sobre medicamentos e dispositivos, documentos de estudo

Estuda um medicamento regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

Estuda um produto de dispositivo regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

Essas informações foram obtidas diretamente do site clinicaltrials.gov sem nenhuma alteração. Se você tiver alguma solicitação para alterar, remover ou atualizar os detalhes do seu estudo, entre em contato com register@clinicaltrials.gov. Assim que uma alteração for implementada em clinicaltrials.gov, ela também será atualizada automaticamente em nosso site .

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