Pain Management in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: An Update

Flaminia Coluzzi, Roman Rolke, Sebastiano Mercadante, Flaminia Coluzzi, Roman Rolke, Sebastiano Mercadante

Abstract

Most patients with multiple myeloma (MM) suffer from chronic pain at every stage of the natural disease process. This review focuses on the most common causes of chronic pain in MM patients: (1) pain from myeloma bone disease (MBD); (2) chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy as a possible consequence of proteasome inhibitor therapy (i.e., bortezomib-induced); (3) post-herpetic neuralgia as a possible complication of varicella zoster virus reactivation because of post-transplantation immunodepression; and (4) pain in cancer survivors, with increasing numbers due to the success of antiblastic treatments, which have significantly improved overall survival and quality of life. In this review, non-pain specialists will find an overview including a detailed description of physiopathological mechanisms underlying central sensitization and pain chronification in bone pain, the rationale for the correct use of analgesics and invasive techniques in different pain syndromes, and the most recent recommendations published on these topics. The ultimate target of this review was to underlie that different types of pain can be observed in MM patients, and highlight that only after an accurate pain assessment, clinical examination, and pain classification, can pain be safely and effectively addressed by selecting the right analgesic option for the right patient.

Keywords: bisphosphonate; cancer survivors; chemotherapy induced neuropathic pain; denosumab; multiple myeloma; neuropathic pain; opioids; pain; post-herpetic neuralgia; skeletal-related events.

Conflict of interest statement

FC served as a speaker and consultant for Grunenthal, Angelini, Malesci, Molteni, Shionogi. RR has received speaker fees or honoraria for counseling services from the following companies: AOP Orphan, bionorica ethics, Grunenthal, Pfizer, Tilray Germany Inc. SM has no conflicts of interest to declare. The authors report no other conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Pain management in multiple myeloma patients. APAP: acetaminophen (paracetamol); BPs: bisphosphonates; CINP: chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy; MBD: myeloma bone disease; PHN: post-herpetic neuralgia

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Source: PubMed

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