Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in plasma predict development of type 2 diabetes in the elderly: the prospective investigation of the vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study

Duk-Hee Lee, P Monica Lind, David R Jacobs Jr, Samira Salihovic, Bert van Bavel, Lars Lind, Duk-Hee Lee, P Monica Lind, David R Jacobs Jr, Samira Salihovic, Bert van Bavel, Lars Lind

Abstract

Objective: Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), lipophilic chemicals that accumulate mainly in adipose tissue, have recently been linked to type 2 diabetes. However, evidence from prospective studies is sparse. This study was performed to evaluate prospective associations of type 2 diabetes with selected POPs among the elderly.

Research design and methods: Nineteen POPs (14 polychlorinated biphenyl [PCB] congeners, 3 organochlorine pesticides, 1 brominated diphenyl ether, and 1 dioxin) were measured in plasma collected at baseline in 725 participants, aged 70 years, of the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS).

Results: After adjusting for known type 2 diabetes risk factors, including obesity, odds ratios (ORs) (95% CIs) for type 2 diabetes at age 75 years (n = 36) according to the quintiles of a summary measure of concentrations of PCBs (vs. the lowest quintile) were 4.5, 5.1, 8.8 (1.8-42.7), and 7.5 (1.4-38.8) (P(trend) <0.01). Among organochlorine pesticides, adjusted ORs across concentrations of trans-nonachlor showed that P(trend) = 0.03. Adjusted ORs (95% CIs) across quintiles of the sum of three organochlorine pesticides were 1.1, 1.6, 1.5, and 3.4 (1.0-11.7) (P(trend) = 0.03). Neither brominated diphenyl ether 47 nor dioxin was significantly associated with incident diabetes. The sum of PCBs improved reclassification significantly when added to traditional risk factors for diabetes.

Conclusions: Despite the small number of incident cases, this study found that environmental exposure to some POPs substantially increased risk of future type 2 diabetes in an elderly population.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Comparison of adjusted ORs and 95% CIs between quintiles of the summary measure of PCBs or organochlorine (OC) pesticides and quintiles of waist circumference on the risk of future type 2 diabetes. Findings in each panel are from a single regression model that includes the sum of either PCBs or organochlorine pesticides and waist circumference, adjusted for sex, cigarette smoking, exercise, alcohol consumption, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. *ORs are statistically significant.

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