The improved biological performance of a novel low elastic modulus implant

Lei Shi, Lei Shi, Ling Wang, Yonghong Duan, Wei Lei, Zhen Wang, Jing Li, Xiangli Fan, Xiaokang Li, Shujun Li, Zheng Guo, Lei Shi, Lei Shi, Ling Wang, Yonghong Duan, Wei Lei, Zhen Wang, Jing Li, Xiangli Fan, Xiaokang Li, Shujun Li, Zheng Guo

Abstract

Background: The mismatch of the elastic modulus between implants and bone tissue can lead to stress shielding, bone resorption and poor osseointegration. Compared with normal bone tissue, this problem is much more serious in osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was designed to find out whether the novel Ti-24Nb-4Zr-7.9Sn (TNZS) implant with low elastic modulus and high strength was suitable for biomedical material, especially in osteoporosis.

Methodology: In vitro study, the viability and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of osteoblasts on the TNZS and Ti-6V-4V (TAV) were observed. In vivo study, 30 adult female New Zealand rabbits were selected and divided randomly into two groups: sham-operation (SHAM, n=6) and ovariectomised in combination with methylprednisolone treatment (OVX+MP, n=24). Two implants were then placed in the tibia of each OVX + MP group rabbit, one in each side (left: TAV; right: TNZS). The OVX + MP group rabbits were sacrificed at 4 and 12 weeks after the implantation. The osteoporotic bone responses to the TNZS and TAV implants were evaluated by pull-out test, Micro-CT analyses and histological observation.

Principal findings: Compared with the TAV group, the TNZS group showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in cell viability and ALP activity, new bone formation and pull-out force.

Conclusions: The novel TNZS implants show good biological performance both in vitro and in vivo, which suggests that the alloys are suitable for biomedical applications, especially in osteoporosis.

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1. The viability of Osteoblast.
Figure 1. The viability of Osteoblast.
The viability of osteoblast on the surface of TAV and TNZS at day 1, day 4, and day 7. At day 7, increased values of OD on TNZS were statistically different from the TAV specimens (p

Figure 2. The ALP activity of Osteoblast.

Figure 2. The ALP activity of Osteoblast.

The ALP axtivity of osteoblast on the surface…

Figure 2. The ALP activity of Osteoblast.
The ALP axtivity of osteoblast on the surface of TAV and TNZS at day 1, day 4, and day 7. At day 7, increased values of OD on TNZS were statistically different from the TAV specimens (p

Figure 3. The biomechanical test.

The Max…

Figure 3. The biomechanical test.

The Max Pull-out force values of the TAV and TNZS…

Figure 3. The biomechanical test.
The Max Pull-out force values of the TAV and TNZS groups at 4 and 12 weeks, n = 6.

Figure 4. Micro-CT analysis of implant-bone interface.

Figure 4. Micro-CT analysis of implant-bone interface.

a and b separately show the implant-bone interfaces…

Figure 4. Micro-CT analysis of implant-bone interface.
a and b separately show the implant-bone interfaces in the TAV group and the TNZS group at 12 weeks. White colour represents bone tissue, and light grey indicates the implant. (Resolution 21 μm, 2048×2048).

Figure 5. Histological observation of implant-bone interface.

Figure 5. Histological observation of implant-bone interface.

a and c represent the TNZS group and…

Figure 5. Histological observation of implant-bone interface.
a and c represent the TNZS group and the TAV group at 4 weeks post-operation; b and d represent the 12 weeks after post-operation. Red colour represents bone tissue, and black colour indicates the implants. (Ponceau ×50).
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References
    1. Niinomi M (2002) Recent metallic materials for biomedical applications. Metall Mater Trans 33A: 477–486.
    1. Geetha M, Singh AK, Asokamani R, Gogia AK (2009) Ti based biomaterials, the ultimate choice for orthopaedic implants A review. Prog Mater Sci 54: 397–425.
    1. Spoerke ED, Murray NG, Li H, Brinson LC, Dunand DC, et al. (2008) Titanium with aligned, elongated pores for orthopedic tissue engineering applications. J Biomed Mater Res A. 84(2): 402–412. - PubMed
    1. Niinomi M (2003) Recent research and development in titanium alloys for biomedical applications and healthcare goods. Sci. Technol. Adv Mater 4: 445–454.
    1. Gibson LJ, Ashby MF. (1997) Cellular solids. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
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This work was supported financially in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 30471754) and 863 Program of China (No. 2007AA03Z431). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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Figure 2. The ALP activity of Osteoblast.
Figure 2. The ALP activity of Osteoblast.
The ALP axtivity of osteoblast on the surface of TAV and TNZS at day 1, day 4, and day 7. At day 7, increased values of OD on TNZS were statistically different from the TAV specimens (p

Figure 3. The biomechanical test.

The Max…

Figure 3. The biomechanical test.

The Max Pull-out force values of the TAV and TNZS…

Figure 3. The biomechanical test.
The Max Pull-out force values of the TAV and TNZS groups at 4 and 12 weeks, n = 6.

Figure 4. Micro-CT analysis of implant-bone interface.

Figure 4. Micro-CT analysis of implant-bone interface.

a and b separately show the implant-bone interfaces…

Figure 4. Micro-CT analysis of implant-bone interface.
a and b separately show the implant-bone interfaces in the TAV group and the TNZS group at 12 weeks. White colour represents bone tissue, and light grey indicates the implant. (Resolution 21 μm, 2048×2048).

Figure 5. Histological observation of implant-bone interface.

Figure 5. Histological observation of implant-bone interface.

a and c represent the TNZS group and…

Figure 5. Histological observation of implant-bone interface.
a and c represent the TNZS group and the TAV group at 4 weeks post-operation; b and d represent the 12 weeks after post-operation. Red colour represents bone tissue, and black colour indicates the implants. (Ponceau ×50).
Figure 3. The biomechanical test.
Figure 3. The biomechanical test.
The Max Pull-out force values of the TAV and TNZS groups at 4 and 12 weeks, n = 6.
Figure 4. Micro-CT analysis of implant-bone interface.
Figure 4. Micro-CT analysis of implant-bone interface.
a and b separately show the implant-bone interfaces in the TAV group and the TNZS group at 12 weeks. White colour represents bone tissue, and light grey indicates the implant. (Resolution 21 μm, 2048×2048).
Figure 5. Histological observation of implant-bone interface.
Figure 5. Histological observation of implant-bone interface.
a and c represent the TNZS group and the TAV group at 4 weeks post-operation; b and d represent the 12 weeks after post-operation. Red colour represents bone tissue, and black colour indicates the implants. (Ponceau ×50).

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