The impact of Hayward green kiwifruit on dietary protein digestion and protein metabolism

Sanghee Park, David D Church, Carlene Starck, Scott E Schutzler, Gohar Azhar, Il-Young Kim, Arny A Ferrando, Paul J Moughan, Robert R Wolfe, Sanghee Park, David D Church, Carlene Starck, Scott E Schutzler, Gohar Azhar, Il-Young Kim, Arny A Ferrando, Paul J Moughan, Robert R Wolfe

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine if an actinidin protease aids gastric digestion and the protein anabolic response to dietary protein.

Methods: Hayward green kiwifruit (containing an actinidin protease) and Hort 16A gold kiwifruit (devoid of actinidin protease) were given in conjunction with a beef meal to healthy older subjects. Twelve healthy older males (N = 6) and females (N = 6) were studied with a randomized, double-blinded, crossover design to assess muscle and whole-body protein metabolism before and after ingestion of kiwifruit and 100 g of ground beef. Subjects consumed 2 of each variety of kiwifruit daily for 14 d prior to each metabolic study, and again during each study with beef intake.

Results: Hayward green kiwifruit consumption with beef resulted in a more rapid increase in peripheral plasma essential amino acid concentrations. There were significant time by kiwifruit intake interactions for plasma concentrations of EAAs, branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), and leucine (P < 0.01). However, there was no difference in the total amount of EAAs absorbed. As a result, there were no differences between kiwifruit in any of the measured parameters of protein kinetics.

Conclusion: Consumption of Hayward green kiwifruit, with a beef meal facilitates protein digestion and absorption of the constituent amino acids as compared to Hort 16A gold kiwifruit.

Clinical trial: NCT04356573, April 21, 2020 "retrospectively registered".

Keywords: Essential amino acids; Muscle protein synthetic rate; Stable isotope tracers; Whole-body protein turnover.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare thy have no conflict of interest. The sponsors had no role in the design, execution, interpretation, or writing of the study.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Outline of crossover design showing phases of study for a subject undergoing treatment A first, and treatment B second
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Stable isotope tracer infusion protocol. BX biopsy
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Plasma responses of total essential amino acids (EAA), branched chain amino acids (BCAA), and leucine following a meal of cooked beef and kiwifruit. There was a significant time by treatment interaction for EAA, BCAA, and leucine (P < 0.01). *Statistically significant between the kiwifruit treatment (P < 0.05). Values are expressed as means ± SE
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Total phenylalanine rate of appearance following the meal intake. *Statistically significant between green and gold kiwifruit treatment (P < 0.05). There was a significant interaction with time by kiwifruit variety (P < 0.01). Values are expressed as means ± SE
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Whole-body protein responses [net balance (NB), protein synthesis (PS), and protein breakdown (PB)] over basal fasted values in response to meal intake containing 100 g beef and two green or gold kiwifruit. Values are expressed as means ± SE

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