24-hour movement behaviour profiles and their transition in children aged 5.5 and 8 years - findings from a prospective cohort study

Natarajan Padmapriya, Bozhi Chen, Claire Marie Jie Lin Goh, Lynette Pei Chi Shek, Yap Seng Chong, Kok Hian Tan, Shiao-Yng Chan, Fabian Yap, Keith M Godfrey, Yung Seng Lee, Johan G Eriksson, Jonathan Y Bernard, Falk Müller-Riemenschneider, Natarajan Padmapriya, Bozhi Chen, Claire Marie Jie Lin Goh, Lynette Pei Chi Shek, Yap Seng Chong, Kok Hian Tan, Shiao-Yng Chan, Fabian Yap, Keith M Godfrey, Yung Seng Lee, Johan G Eriksson, Jonathan Y Bernard, Falk Müller-Riemenschneider

Abstract

Background: Time spent in movement behaviours, including physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and sleep, across the 24-h day may have distinct health consequences. We aimed to describe 24-h movement behaviour (24 h-MB) profiles in children and how profile membership changed from age 5.5 to 8 years.

Methods: Children in the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort were asked to wear an accelerometer (ActiGraph-GT3X+) on their wrist for seven consecutive days at ages 5.5 and 8 years to measure 24 h-MB patterns. Time spent in night sleep, inactivity (proxy for SB), light PA, moderate PA (MPA), and vigorous PA (VPA) per day were calculated using the R-package GGIR 2.0. Using latent profile analyses (n = 442) we identified 24 h-MB profiles, which were given animal names to convey key characteristics. Latent transition analyses were used to describe the profile membership transition from ages 5.5 to 8 years. Associations with sex and ethnicity were examined.

Results: We identified four profiles, "Rabbits" (very high-MPA/VPA, low-inactivity and average-night-sleep), "Chimpanzees" (high-MPA, low-inactivity and average-night-sleep), "Pandas" (low-PA, high-inactivity and high-night-sleep) and "Owls" (low-PA, high-inactivity and low-night-sleep), among children at both time points. At ages 5.5 and 8 years, the majority of children were classified into profiles of "Chimpanzees" (51 and 39%, respectively) and "Pandas" (24 and 37%). Half of the sample (49%), particularly "Rabbits", remained in the same profile at ages 5.5 and 8 years: among children who changed profile the predominant transitions occurred from "Chimpanzees" (27%) and "Owls" (56%) profiles to "Pandas". Sex, but not ethnicity, was associated with profile membership: compared to girls, boys were more likely to be in the "Rabbits" profile (adjusted OR [95% CI]: 3.6 [1.4, 9.7] and 4.5 [1.8, 10.9] at ages 5.5 and 8 years, respectively) and less likely to be in the "Pandas" profile (0.5 [0.3, 0.9] and 0.4 [0.2, 0.6]) at both ages.

Conclusions: With increasing age about half the children stayed in the same of four 24 h-MB profiles, while the predominant transition for the remaining children was towards lower PA, higher inactivity and longer sleep duration. These findings can aid development and implementation of public health strategies to promote better health.

Study registration: This study was registered on 4th August 2010 and is available online at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01174875 .

Keywords: Children; Inactivity; Movement behaviour; Physical activity; Sedentary behaviour; Sleep.

Conflict of interest statement

KMG receiving reimbursement for speaking at conferences sponsored by companies selling nutritional products. KMG, YSC and SYC report being part of an academic consortium that has received research funding from Abbott Nutrition, Nestle and Danone. No other disclosures were reported.

© 2021. The Author(s).

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flowchart of the participants of the present study
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Description of 24-h movement behaviour profiles at age 5.5 and 8 years in children from the GUSTO cohort study
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Transition of 24-h movement behaviour profiles from age 5.5 to 8 years in children from the GUSTO cohort study (n = 442)

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