Higher Maternal Dietary Protein Intake Is Associated with a Higher Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Multiethnic Asian Cohort
Wei Wei Pang, Marjorelee Colega, Shirong Cai, Yiong Huak Chan, Natarajan Padmapriya, Ling-Wei Chen, Shu-E Soh, Wee Meng Han, Kok Hian Tan, Yung Seng Lee, Seang-Mei Saw, Peter D Gluckman, Keith M Godfrey, Yap-Seng Chong, Rob M van Dam, Mary Ff Chong, Wei Wei Pang, Marjorelee Colega, Shirong Cai, Yiong Huak Chan, Natarajan Padmapriya, Ling-Wei Chen, Shu-E Soh, Wee Meng Han, Kok Hian Tan, Yung Seng Lee, Seang-Mei Saw, Peter D Gluckman, Keith M Godfrey, Yap-Seng Chong, Rob M van Dam, Mary Ff Chong
Abstract
Background: Dietary protein may affect glucose metabolism through several mechanisms, but results from studies on dietary protein intake and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have been inconsistent.Objective: We examined the cross-sectional associations of dietary protein intake from different food sources during pregnancy with the risk of GDM in a multiethnic Asian population.Methods: We included 980 participants with singleton pregnancies from the Growing Up in Singapore Toward healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort. Protein intake was ascertained from 24-h dietary recall and 3-d food diaries at 26-28 wk gestation. GDM was defined as fasting glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L and/or 2-h postload glucose ≥7.8 mmol/L at 26-28 wk gestation. We evaluated the association of dietary protein intake with GDM risk by substituting carbohydrate with protein in an isocaloric model with the use of multivariable logistic regression analysis.Results: The prevalence of GDM was 17.9% among our participants. After adjustment for potential confounders, a higher total dietary protein intake was associated with a higher risk of GDM; the OR comparing the highest with the lowest quartile of intake was 2.15 (95% CI: 1.27, 3.62; P-trend = 0.016). Higher intake levels of both animal protein (OR: 2.87; 95% CI: 1.58, 5.20; P-trend = 0.001) and vegetable protein (OR: 1.78; 95% CI: 0.99, 3.20; P-trend = 0.009) were associated with a higher risk of GDM. Among the animal protein sources, higher intake levels of seafood protein (OR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.26, 3.72; P-trend = 0.023) and dairy protein (OR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.11, 3.15; P-trend = 0.017) were significantly associated with a higher GDM risk.Conclusion: Higher intake levels of both animal and vegetable protein were associated with a higher risk of GDM in Asian women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01174875.
Keywords: Asian; animal protein; dietary protein; gestational diabetes mellitus; vegetable protein.
Conflict of interest statement
Author disclosures: KM Godfrey, YS Lee and YS Chong have received reimbursement for speaking at conferences sponsored by companies selling nutritional products. These authors are part of an academic consortium that has received research funding from Abbot Nutrition, Nestec, and Danone. WW Pang, M Colega, S Cai, YH Chan, N Padmapriya, LW Chen, SE Soh, WM Han, KH Tan, SM Saw, PD Gluckman, RM van Dam and MFF Chong, no conflicts of interest.
© 2017 American Society for Nutrition.
Source: PubMed