Assessment of liver and renal function tests among gasoline exposed gas station workers in Mekelle city, Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia

Tsegay Asefaw, Mistre Wolde, Abebe Edao, Aster Tsegaye, Gebre Teklu, Feven Tesfay, Gebreslassie Gebremariam, Tsegay Asefaw, Mistre Wolde, Abebe Edao, Aster Tsegaye, Gebre Teklu, Feven Tesfay, Gebreslassie Gebremariam

Abstract

Background: Volatile organic compounds such as gasoline and other fuels are associated with a wide variety of deleterious health effects including liver and kidney diseases. Gasoline station workers are exposed to a mixture of hydrocarbons during dispensing. However, no published studies investigated the liver and renal function tests of gasoline station workers in Ethiopia. Therefore the aim of this study was to assess liver and renal function tests among gasoline station workers.

Method: A comparative cross sectional study was conduct from January 2018 to April 2018 at Mekelle city, Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia. Liver and renal function tests were analyzed on gasoline exposed (n = 43) and controls (n = 47) by Pentra C400 automated clinical chemistry analyzer. Student independent t-test and one way-ANOVA statistical methods were employed using SPSS Ver23. P-value < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.

Result: The mean level of ALT, AST, Urea, creatinine, and uric acid was significantly higher among gasoline stations workers when compared to control study participants. There was also a significant increase in ALT, AST, Urea, creatinine and uric acid among gasoline stations with above 6 years exposure when compared with those exposed for ≤2 and3-6years.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that increasing liver and renal parameters may be associated with exposure to gasoline and it is dependent on time of exposure to gasoline.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

References

    1. Thapa B, Walia A. Liver function tests and their interpretation. Indian J Pediatr. 2007;74(7):663–71. 10.1007/s12098-007-0118-7
    1. Ogbekhuemen T. Kidney. Microsoft Encanta. 2009:1–5.
    1. Hall P, Cash J. What is the real function of the Liver ‘function’tests? Ulster Med J. 2012;81(1):30
    1. Gowda S, Desai PB, Kulkarni SS, Hull VV, Math AAK, Vernekar SN. Markers of renal function tests. NAm J Med Sci. 2010;2(4):170–3.
    1. Sipos P, Szentmihályi K, Fehér E, Abaza M, Szilágyi M, Blázovics A. Some effects of lead contamination on liver and gallbladder bile. Acta Biol Szeged. 2003;47(1–4):139–42.
    1. American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement: evaluation of liver chemistry tests. Gastroenterology. 2002; 123(4):1364–6. 10.1053/gast.2002.36060
    1. Hemalatha T, UmaMaheswari T, Krithiga G, Sankaranarayanan P, Puvanakrishnan R. Enzymes in clinical medicine: an overview. Indian J Exp Bio. 2013;51(10):777–88.
    1. Uboh FE, Akpanabiatu MI, Atangwho IJ, Ebong PE, Umoh IB. Effect of Gasoline Vapours on Serum Lipid Profile and Oxidative Stress in Hepatocyte of Male and Female Rats. Acta Toxicologica. 2007;15(1).
    1. Ravnskov U. Experimental glomerulonephritis induced by hydrocarbon exposure: a systematic review. BMC nephrol. 2005;6(1):15.
    1. Micyus NJ, McCurry JD, Seeley JV. Analysis of aromatic compounds in gasoline with flow-switching comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A. 2005;1086(1–2):115–21. 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.06.015
    1. Rezazadeh Azari M, Naghavi Konjin Z, Zayeri F, Salehpour S, Seyedi M. Occupational exposure of petroleum depot workers to BTEX compounds. Int J Occup Enviro Med. 2012;3(1):39–44.
    1. El Mahdy N, Radwan N, Kharoub H, El-Halawany F. Chromosomal abnormalities among petrol station workers occupationally exposed to benzene. Brit J Appl Sci Tech. 2015;7(5):502–13
    1. El-Said KF, El-Noueam A. Biological Monitoring of Fuel Stations Workers Occupationally Exposed to Petroleum Products. JHIPH. 2010;40(3):586–95.
    1. Sharif NEMA, Elzein AOM, Ahmed MAWA. Trace elements disturbance and Liver toxicity in Sudanese Fuel Stations Workers. Sche Acad J Bio Sci.2016;4(6):498–501
    1. Kinawy AA. Impact of gasoline inhalation on some neurobehavioural characteristics of male rats. BMC Physiol. 2009;9(1):21.
    1. Arnold SM, Angerer J, Boogaard PJ, Hughes MF, O’Lone RB, Robison SH, et al. The use of biomonitoring data in exposure and human health risk assessment: benzene case study. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2013;43(2):119–53. 10.3109/10408444.2012.756455
    1. Kim S, Vermeulen R, Waidyanatha S, Johnson BA, Lan Q, Smith MT, et al. Modeling human metabolism of benzene following occupational and environmental exposures. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006;15(11):2246–52. 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0262
    1. Malini SS, Maithily K. Analysis of oxidative stress in chronic exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons in Karnataka, India. Asia Pac J Med Toxicol. 2017;6(1):6–11.
    1. Kitwattanavong M, Prueksasit T, Morknoy D, Tunsaringkarn T, Siriwong W. Health risk assessment of petrol station workers in the inner city of Bangkok, Thailand, to the exposure to BTEX and carbonyl compounds by inhalation. Hum Ecolo Risk Assess. 2013;19(6):1424–39.
    1. Bin-Mefrij M, Alwakeel S. The effect of fuel inhalation on the kidney and liver function and blood indices in gasoline station workers. Adv Nat Appl Sci. 2017;11(1):45–50.
    1. Olmedo-Buenrostro BA, Ortega-Ortiz JG, Guzman-Esquivel J, Delgado-Enciso OG, Ceja-Espiritu G, Paz-Michel BA, et al. Workplace gasoline exposure increases the risk for early renal dysfunction: A case-control study in Mexico. Biomed Res. 2017; 28 (22): 9859–9863
    1. Abou-ElWafa HS, Albadry AA, El-Gilany A-H, Bazeed FB. Some biochemical and hematological parameters among petrol station attendants: a comparative study. Res Int. 2015; 10.1155/2015/418724
    1. Jabir MS, Taqi ZJ, Khalil OA, Abdulwaheb HE, Subree D, Ommer S, et al. Biochemical Changes in Renal Function and Plasma Protein Profile of Petrol Station Attendants in Basrah. Eng Technol J 2016;34(3 Part (B)):375–80.
    1. Soderland P, Lovekar S, Weiner DE, Brooks DR, Kaufman JS. Chronic kidney disease associated with environmental toxins and exposures. Adv Chronic kidney Dis. 2010;17(3):254–64. 10.1053/j.ackd.2010.03.011
    1. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Central Statistics Agency. Population Projection of Ethiopia for all Regions at Woreda Level from 2014–2017. Addis Ababa: 2013. available from:
    1. Aziz IA, Al Agha SZ, Shehwan O. Hematological and biochemical studies for gasoline toxicity among gasoline workers in Gaza Strip. J Al-Aqsa Univ. 2006;10(SE):41–9.
    1. Ogunneye A, Omoboyowa D, Sonibare A, Adebusuyi A, Faniran T. Hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects of petroleum fumes on petrol attendants in Ibadan, Nigeria. Nig J Basic Appl Sci. 2014;22(3–4):57–62.
    1. Nwanjo H, Ojiako O. Investigation of the potential health hazards of petrol station attendants in Owerri Nigeria. J Appl Sci Enviro Mang. 2007;11(2).
    1. Mohammed SM. Hematological, Biochemical and Blood Lead Level Profile among Gasoline Exposed Station Workers in Sulaimaniya City. ARO-Sci J Koya Univ. 2016;2(1):6–11.
    1. Gali R, Daja A, Mamza Y, Ani G, Ani G. Liver enzymes and protein among petrol hawkers and petrol-pump attendants in a Nigerian population. Adv Lab Med Int. 2012;2:123–9.
    1. Moro AM, Brucker N, Charão MF, Baierle M, Sauer E, Goethel G, et al. Biomonitoring of gasoline station attendants exposed to benzene: Effect of gender. Mutat Res. 2017;813:1–9. 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.11.002
    1. Gupta N, Vyas S, Sankhla M, Punjabi P. Biochemical assessment of the hepatic functions of the petrol pump workers of Jaipur city. Nat J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2017;7(10):1099–1103.
    1. Hegazy RM, Kamel HF. Oxidant Hepatic &/or Haem. Injury on Fuel-Station Workers Exposed to Benzene Vapor, Possible Protection of Antioxidants. Am J Med Sci. 2014;4(2):35–46.
    1. Eltom A, Hamd HTE. Assessment of liver Enzymes level among Sudanese Gasoline Station Workers. Sch J Appl Med Sci. 2017. 5(3A):738–43.
    1. Ekpenyong CE, Asuquo AE. Recent advances in occupational and environmental health hazards of workers exposed to gasoline compounds. Int J Occup Med Environ health. 2017;30(1):1–26. 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00800
    1. Akinosun O, Arinola O, Salimonu L. Immunoglobulin classes and liver function tests in Nigerian petrol attendants. Indian J Occup Environ Med. 2006;10(2):58.
    1. Limdi J, Hyde G. Evaluation of abnormal liver function tests. Postgrad Med J. 2003;79(932):307–12. 10.1136/pmj.79.932.307
    1. Jabir M, Khalil O A., Taqi Z J., Hussain H A.. Biochemical Changes in Hepatic Function of Petrol Station Attendants in Basrah. Eng Technol J. 2016;34: 135–80

Source: PubMed

Sponsoren und Mitarbeiter

Krankheiten

Drogeninterventionen

3
Abonnieren