Tinnitus functional index: validation of the German version for Switzerland

Nicole Peter, Tobias Kleinjung, Raphael Jeker, Martin Meyer, Richard Klaghofer, Steffi Weidt, Nicole Peter, Tobias Kleinjung, Raphael Jeker, Martin Meyer, Richard Klaghofer, Steffi Weidt

Abstract

Background: Different standardized questionnaires are used to assess tinnitus severity, making comparisons across studies difficult. These questionnaires are also used to measure treatment-related changes in tinnitus although they were not designed for this purpose. To solve these problems, a new questionnaire - the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) - has been established. The TFI is highly responsive to treatment-related change and promises to be the new gold standard in tinnitus evaluation. The aim of the current study was to validate a German version of the TFI for a German-speaking population in Switzerland.

Methods: At the ENT department of the University Hospital Zurich, 264 subjects completed an online survey including the German version for Switzerland of TFI, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and sociodemographic variables. Internal consistency of the TFI was calculated with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Pearson correlation coefficients were used for the test-retest reliability of the TFI and to investigate convergent and discriminant validity between the THI and the BDI and BAI, respectively. Factor analysis was assessed using a principal component analysis with oblique rotation. The different factors extracted were then compared with the original questionnaire.

Results: The German version of the TFI for Switzerland showed an excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.97) and an excellent test-retest reliability of 0.91. The convergent validity with THI was high (r = 0.86). The discriminant validity with BAI and BDI showed moderate results (BAI: r = 0.60 and BDI: r = 0.65). In the factor analysis only five factors with one main factor could be extracted instead of eight factors as described in the original version. Nevertheless, relations to the original eight subscales could be demonstrated.

Conclusion: The German version of the TFI for Switzerland is a suitable instrument for measuring the impact of tinnitus. The reliability and validity of this version are comparable with the original version of the TFI. Although this study showed only five factors in the factor analysis, relations to the original eight subscales were identified. Therefore, the German version of the TFI for Switzerland can deliver relevant information regarding the different tinnitus domains.

Trial registration: Clinical trial registration number on clinicaltrial.gov: NCT01837368 .

Keywords: Beck anxiety index (BAI); Beck depression index (BDI); Subjective tinnitus loudness; Tinnitus; Tinnitus functional index (TFI); Tinnitus handicap inventory (THI); Validation.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Distribution, mean and SD of the overall TFI score. The frequency of a specific overall TFI score diagramed in 5 point steps
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Scree Plot of principal component analysis with oblique rotation. The scree plot showed a very sharp decline after the first factor. A virtually drawn horizontal and vertical line starting from each end of the curve indicated only one factor point above the point of inflexion

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Source: PubMed

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