Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography, MRI and MR arthrography in the characterisation of rotator cuff disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Jean-Sébastien Roy, Caroline Braën, Jean Leblond, François Desmeules, Clermont E Dionne, Joy C MacDermid, Nathalie J Bureau, Pierre Frémont, Jean-Sébastien Roy, Caroline Braën, Jean Leblond, François Desmeules, Clermont E Dionne, Joy C MacDermid, Nathalie J Bureau, Pierre Frémont

Abstract

Background: Different diagnostic imaging modalities, such as ultrasonography (US), MRI, MR arthrography (MRA) are commonly used for the characterisation of rotator cuff (RC) disorders. Since the most recent systematic reviews on medical imaging, multiple diagnostic studies have been published, most using more advanced technological characteristics. The first objective was to perform a meta-analysis on the diagnostic accuracy of medical imaging for characterisation of RC disorders. Since US is used at the point of care in environments such as sports medicine, a secondary analysis assessed accuracy by radiologists and non-radiologists.

Methods: A systematic search in three databases was conducted. Two raters performed data extraction and evaluation of risk of bias independently, and agreement was achieved by consensus. Hierarchical summary receiver-operating characteristic package was used to calculate pooled estimates of included diagnostic studies.

Results: Diagnostic accuracy of US, MRI and MRA in the characterisation of full-thickness RC tears was high with overall estimates of sensitivity and specificity over 0.90. As for partial RC tears and tendinopathy, overall estimates of specificity were also high (>0.90), while sensitivity was lower (0.67-0.83). Diagnostic accuracy of US was similar whether a trained radiologist, sonographer or orthopaedist performed it.

Conclusions: Our results show the diagnostic accuracy of US, MRI and MRA in the characterisation of full-thickness RC tears. Since full thickness tear constitutes a key consideration for surgical repair, this is an important characteristic when selecting an imaging modality for RC disorder. When considering accuracy, cost, and safety, US is the best option.

Keywords: MRI; Meta-analysis; Shoulder; Ultrasound.

Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of the bibliographic search.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Risk of bias assessment of included studies using the QUADAS 2 tool. For the 3 imaging modalities (A–C), each bar shows the number and percentage of studies with a high (red), intermediate (yellow) and low (green) risk of bias for the 4 categories of QUADAS 2 tool.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Accuracy of individual studies for ultrasonography, MRI and MR arthrography in characterisation of any tear. TP, true positive; FP, false positive; FN, false negative; TN, true negative; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Accuracy of individual studies for US (A), MRI (B) and MRA (C) in characterization of full thickness rotator cuff tears. TP, true positive; FP, false positive; FN, false negative; TN, true negative; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Hierarchical summary ROC curve for full thickness rotator cuff tears. Hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) curve composed of studies examining the diagnostic value of the ultrasonography, MRI and MR arthrography in characterisation of full-thickness or partial-thickness rotator cuff tears. Circles represent each study, blue dotted line, the CI and red dotted line the credible interval. TP, true positive; FP, false positive; FN, false negative; TN, true negative.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Accuracy of individual studies for ultrasonography, MRI and MR arthrography in characterisation of full thickness rotator cuff tears. TP, true positive; FP, false positive; FN, false negative; TN, true negative.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Hierarchical summary ROC curves for partial thickness rotator cuff tears. Hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) curve composed of studies examining the diagnostic value of the ultrasonography (A), MRI (B) and MRA (C) in characterisation of full or partial thickness RC tears. Circles represent each study, blue dotted line, the confidence interval and red dotted line the credible interval.

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