Sleep Hygiene Practices and Bedtime Resistance in Low-Income Preschoolers: Does Temperament Matter?

Abstract

This study examined sleep hygiene practices and bedtime resistance and tested whether associations differed by child temperament. Parents of Head Start preschoolers (n = 374, 56% non-Hispanic white) completed the Going to Bed subscale of the Children's Sleep-Wake Scale (GTB; higher score reflects less bedtime resistance), Children's Sleep Hygiene Scale (CSHS; higher score reflects better sleep hygiene), and Child Behavior Questionnaire (Anger, Activity, Impulsivity subscales indicated difficult temperament). Monte Carlo simulation adjusted for demographic covariates tested associations of CSHS with GTB in children with more- vs. less-difficult temperaments. Children with more- vs. less-difficult temperaments experienced worse sleep hygiene (p < .0001) and had more bedtime resistance (p < .0001). Among children with more difficult temperaments, better sleep hygiene was linearly associated with less bedtime resistance (β = 1.28, 95% CI 0.77, 1.78). Among children with less difficult temperaments, the association followed a piecewise linear trend: sleep hygiene was not associated with bedtime resistance when CSHS scores were < 4.1 (β = 0.15, 95% CI -4.87, 3.13), but for CSHS scores ≥ 4.1, an increase in CSHS was associated with lower bedtime resistance (β = 1.33, 95% CI 1.00, 1.79). Consistent sleep hygiene is associated with less bedtime resistance and may be helpful in reducing bedtime resistance among children with more difficult temperaments.

Figures

Figure 1

Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations depicting relationship between sleep hygiene practices as measured by total score on the Children Sleep Hygiene Scale (CSHS) and Bedtime Resistance as measured by the Going to Bed subscale (GTB), based on child temperament.