Clinician perceptions of a clinical decision support system to reduce cardiovascular risk among prediabetes patients in a predominantly rural healthcare system

Abstract

Background: The early detection and management of uncontrolled cardiovascular risk factors among prediabetes patients can prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). Prediabetes increases the risk of CVD, which is a leading cause of death in the United States. CVD clinical decision support (CDS) in primary care settings has the potential to reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with prediabetes while potentially saving clinicians time. The objective of this study is to understand primary care clinician (PCC) perceptions of a CDS system designed to reduce CVD risk in adults with prediabetes.

Methods: We administered pre-CDS implementation (6/30/2016 to 8/25/2016) (n = 183, 61% response rate) and post-CDS implementation (6/12/2019 to 8/7/2019) (n = 131, 44.5% response rate) independent cross-sectional electronic surveys to PCCs at 36 randomized primary care clinics participating in a federally funded study of a CVD risk reduction CDS tool. Surveys assessed PCC demographics, experiences in delivering prediabetes care, perceptions of CDS impact on shared decision making, perception of CDS impact on control of major CVD risk factors, and overall perceptions of the CDS tool when managing cardiovascular risk.

Results: We found few significant differences when comparing pre- and post-implementation responses across CDS intervention and usual care (UC) clinics. A majority of PCCs felt well-prepared to discuss CVD risk factor control with patients both pre- and post-implementation. About 73% of PCCs at CDS intervention clinics agreed that the CDS helped improve risk control, 68% reported the CDS added value to patient clinic visits, and 72% reported they would recommend use of this CDS system to colleagues. However, most PCCs disagreed that the CDS saves time talking about preventing diabetes or CVD, and most PCCs also did not find the clinical domains useful, nor did PCCs believe that the clinical domains were useful in getting patients to take action. Finally, only about 38% reported they were satisfied with the CDS.

Conclusions: These results improve our understanding of CDS user experience and can be used to guide iterative improvement of the CDS. While most PCCs agreed the CDS improves CVD and diabetes risk factor control, they were generally not satisfied with the CDS. Moreover, only 40-50% agreed that specific suggestions on clinical domains helped patients to take action. In spite of this, an overwhelming majority reported they would recommend the CDS to colleagues, pointing for the need to improve upon the current CDS.

Trial registration: NCT02759055 03/05/2016.

Keywords: Advanced practice provider; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular risk; Clinical decision support; Diabetes; Dyslipidemia; Electronic medical record; Hypertension; Prediabetes; Primary care clinician.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

© 2022. The Author(s).

Figures

Fig. 1

Patient view and printout of the clinical decision support system. Reprinted from Contemporary Clinical Trials, 114, Desai J, Saman D, Sperl-Hillen JM, Pratt R, Dehmer SP, Allen C, Ohnsorg K, Wuorio A, Appana D, Hitz P, Land A, Sharma R, Wilkinson L, Crain AL, Crabtree BF, Bianco J, O'Connor PJ. Implementing a prediabetes clinical decision support system in a large primary care system: Design, methods, and pre-implementation results, 106,686, Copyright (2022), with permission from Elsevier [20]

Fig. 2

Provider view and printout of the clinical decision support system. Reprinted from Contemporary Clinical Trials, 114, Desai J, Saman D, Sperl-Hillen JM, Pratt R, Dehmer SP, Allen C, Ohnsorg K, Wuorio A, Appana D, Hitz P, Land A, Sharma R, Wilkinson L, Crain AL, Crabtree BF, Bianco J, O'Connor PJ, Implementing a prediabetes clinical decision support system in a large primary care system: Design, methods, and pre-implementation results, 106,686, Copyright (2022), with permission from Elsevier [20]