Resource Utilization of Patients with Parkinson's Disease in the Late Stages of the Disease in Germany: Data from the CLaSP Study

Christopher Kruse, Sabrina Kretschmer, Anna Lipinski, Malte Verheyen, David Mengel, Monika Balzer-Geldsetzer, Stefan Lorenzl, Carmen Richinger, Christian Schmotz, Lars Tönges, Dirk Woitalla, Stephan Klebe, Anette Schrag, Richard Dodel, Christopher Kruse, Sabrina Kretschmer, Anna Lipinski, Malte Verheyen, David Mengel, Monika Balzer-Geldsetzer, Stefan Lorenzl, Carmen Richinger, Christian Schmotz, Lars Tönges, Dirk Woitalla, Stephan Klebe, Anette Schrag, Richard Dodel

Abstract

Objective: The Care of Late-Stage Parkinsonism (CLaSP) study aimed to collect qualitative and standardized patient data in six European countries (France, Germany, Netherlands, Portugal, UK, Sweden) to enable a detailed evaluation of the underexplored late stages of the disease (Hoehn and Yahr stage > 3) using clinical, neuropsychological, behavioral, and health economic data. The aim of this substudy was to provide a health economic evaluation for the German healthcare system.

Methods: In Germany, 228 patients were included in the study. Costs were calculated from a societal perspective for a 3-month period. Univariate analyses were performed to identify cost-driving predictors. Total and direct costs were analyzed using a generalized linear model with a γ-distributed dependent variable and log link function. Indirect costs were analyzed using a binomial generalized linear model with probit link function.

Results: The mean costs for the 3-month period were approximately €20,000. Informal care costs and hospitalization are approximately €11,000 and €5000. Direct costs amounted to 89% of the total costs, and the share of indirect costs was 11%. Independent predictors of total costs were the duration of the disease and age. The duration of the disease was the main independent predictor of direct costs, whereas age was an independent predictor of indirect costs.

Discussion: Costs in the late stage of the disease are considerably higher than those found in earlier stages. Compared to the latter, the mean number of days in hospital and the need for care is increasing. Informal caregivers provide most of the care.

Clinical trial registration: The protocol was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02333175 on 7 January, 2015.

Conflict of interest statement

Christopher Kruse, Sabrina Kretschmer, Anna Lipinski, Malte Verheyen, David Mengel, Monika Balzer-Geldsetzer, Stefan Lorenzl, Carmen Richinger, Christian Schmotz, Lars Tönges, Dirk Woitalla, Stephan Klebe, Anette Schrag, and Richard Dodel have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.

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