Where Do We Stand with Closed-Loop Systems and Their Challenges?

Abstract

Treatments for type 1 diabetes have advanced significantly over recent years. There are now multiple hybrid closed-loop systems commercially available and additional systems are in development. Challenges remain, however. This review outlines the recent advances in closed-loop systems and outlines the remaining challenges, including post-prandial hyperglycemia and exercise-related dysglycemia.

Keywords: Artificial pancreas; Closed-loop; Continuous glucose monitor.

Conflict of interest statement

M.J. has no relevant financial interests. J.R.C. has a financial interest in Pacific Diabetes Technologies, Inc., a company that may have a commercial interest in the results of this type of research and technology. J.R.C. has also consulted for Dexcom, Inc. and has been on advisory panels for Zealand Pharma and Novo Nordisk.