Effects of an isotonic beverage on autonomic regulation during and after exercise

Isadora Lessa Moreno, Carlos Marcelo Pastre, Celso Ferreira, Luiz Carlos de Abreu, Vitor Engrácia Valenti, Luiz Carlos Marques Vanderlei, Isadora Lessa Moreno, Carlos Marcelo Pastre, Celso Ferreira, Luiz Carlos de Abreu, Vitor Engrácia Valenti, Luiz Carlos Marques Vanderlei

Abstract

Background: With prolonged physical activity, it is important to maintain adequate fluid balance. The impact of consuming isotonic drinks during and after exercise on the autonomic regulation of cardiac function is unclear. This study aimed to analyze the effects of consuming an isotonic drink on heart rate variability (HRV) during and after prolonged exercise.

Methods: Thirty-one young males (21.55 ± 1.89 yr) performed three different protocols (48 h interval between each stage): I) maximal exercise test to determine the load for the protocols; II) Control protocol (CP) and; III). Experimental protocol (EP). The protocols consisted of 10 min at rest with the subject in the supine position, 90 min of treadmill exercise (60% of VO2 peak) and 60 min of rest placed in the dorsal decubitus position. No rehydration beverage consumption was allowed during CP. During EP, however, the subjects were given an isotonic solution (Gatorade, Brazil) containing carbohydrate (30 g), sodium (225 mg), chloride (210 mg) and potassium (60 mg) per 500 ml of the drink. For analysis of HRV data, time and frequency domain indices were investigated. HRV was recorded at rest (5-10 min), during exercise (25-30 min, 55-60 min and 85-90 min) and post-exercise (5-10 min, 15-20 min, 25-30 min, 40-45 min and 55-60 min).

Results: Regardless of hydration, alterations in the SNS and PSNS were observed, revealing an increase in the former and a decrease in the latter. Hydrating with isotonic solution during recovery induced significant changes in cardiac autonomic modulation, promoting faster recovery of linear HRV indices.

Conclusion: Hydration with isotonic solution did not significantly influence HRV during exercise; however, after exercise it promoted faster recovery of linear indices.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Values are means ± standard deviation. Heart rate (HR) during exercise (a) and recovery (b) and the comparison in control and experimental protocols; *Different from all the times of exercise and recovery (p<0.05); #Different from 90 min (p<0.05).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Values are means ± standard deviation. SDNN (a) and RMSSD (b) during exercise and the comparison in control and experimental protocols. Final 5 minutes of rest (M1) and minutes of exercise: 25th to 30th (M2), 55th to 60th (M3), 85th to 90th (M4). *Different from M2, M3 and M4 (p<0.05). #Different from M4 (p<0.05).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Values are means ± standard deviation. LFms2 (a), HFms2 (b), LFnu (c), HFnu (d) and LF/HF (e) during exercise and the comparison in control and experimental protocols. Final 5 minutes of rest (M1) and minutes of exercise: 25th to 30th (M2), 55th to 60th (M3), 85th to 90th (M4). *Different from M2, M3 and M4 (p<0.05). # Different from M4 (p<0.05).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Values are means ± standard deviation. SDNN (a) and RMSSD (b) during recovery and the comparison in control and experimental protocols. Final 5 minutes of rest (M1) and minutes of recovery: 5th to 10th (M5), 15th to 20th (M6), 25th to 30th (M7), 40th to 45th (M8), 55th to 60th (M9). *Different from M5, M6, M7, M8 and M9 (p<0.05). #Different from M1 (p<0.05).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Values are means ± standard deviation. LFms2 (a), HFms2 (b), LFnu (c), HFnu (d) and LF/HF (e) during recovery and the comparison in control and experimental protocols. Final 5 minutes of rest (M1) and minutes of recovery: 5th to 10th (M5), 15th to 20th (M6), 25th to 30th (M7), 40th to 45th (M8), 55th to 60th (M9). *Different from M1 (p<0.05).

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