Epidemiology of cancers in Lahore, Pakistan, among children, adolescents and adults, 2010-2012: a cross-sectional study part 2

Farhana Badar, Shahid Mahmood, Farhana Badar, Shahid Mahmood

Abstract

Objectives: To estimate the cancer incidence by age group for the Lahore district population within the Punjab Cancer Registry (PCR), Pakistan. The average annual population of Lahore was 9.8 million in 2010-2012. This is a sequel to a study published earlier.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Setting: The registry has 19 centres in Lahore reporting their data to the coordinating office located within the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center (SKMCH&RC), Lahore, Pakistan.

Participants: Data existing in the PCR database, based on a confirmed diagnosis of cancer from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2012, among the Lahore residents, were reviewed.

Outcome measures: Cancer counts and the age-standardised incidence rates (ASIR) per 100 000 population were computed by gender, cancer site/type and age group (0-14, 15-19 and ≥20 years).

Results: Between 2010 and 2012, of the 15 840 new cancers diagnosed, 57% were in females. The ASIRs in age groups 0-14, 15-19 and ≥20 years, among females, were: 6.1, 8.4 and 170.7, respectively, and among males, 9.3, 12.2 and 104.5, respectively. The common diagnoses in children, adolescents and adults were: (1) among females: leukaemia: 2.2; bone tumour: 1.4 and breast cancer: 79.2, respectively, and (2) among males: leukaemia: 3.6; bone tumour: 2.4 and prostate cancer: 10.7, respectively.

Conclusions: The ASIR was higher in adult women than in men, but it was lower in girls and young women than their corresponding male counterparts. Leukaemia was the most common diagnosis in children and bone tumour in adolescents, regardless of gender. Among women, breast cancer and, in men, prostate cancer, were the leading cancer types, in adults. These estimates could be used for the expansion of health coverage in the region including setting-up low cost, diagnostic tests for early detection of cancers.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02840695.

Keywords: age-group; gender; incidence rates; lahore; malignancies; the punjab cancer registry.

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

© Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Age-standardised incidence rates (ASIR) by age group and gender, in the Lahore district, Pakistan, 2010–2012.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Age-standardised incidence rates (ASIR) in children and adolescents, in the Lahore district, Pakistan, 2010–2012. GCT, germ cell tumour.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Age-standardised incidence rates (ASIR) by gender among adults, in the Lahore district, Pakistan, 2010–2012.

References

    1. World Bank Country and Lending Groups. The World Bank. Washington DC, USA, 2016. (accessed 17 Feb 2017).
    1. Population, Labor Force and Employment-Chapter 12 : Pakistan Economic Survey 2015-2016. Islamabad, Pakistan: Ministry of Finance, Government of Pakistan, 2016:199–213. (accessed 9 Feb 2017).
    1. Punjab Cancer Registry, SKMCH & RC. Lahore, Pakistan, 2011. (accessed 17 Feb 2017).
    1. Badar F, Mahmood S, Yusuf MA, et al. . Epidemiology of cancers in Lahore, Pakistan, 2010-2012: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2016;6:e011828 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011828
    1. Holden K, ICD-10-CM Expert for Hospitals. The complete official code set. Codes valid October 1, 2015 through September 30, 2016. Salt Lake City, UT, USA: Optum360, LLC, 2015.
    1. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. International Classification of Childhood Cancer. USA, 2016. (accessed 8 Feb 2017).
    1. Steliarova-Foucher E, Stiller C, Lacour B, et al. . International Classification of Childhood Cancer, third edition. Cancer 2005;103:1457–67. 10.1002/cncr.20910
    1. International Association of Cancer Registries, European Network of Cancer Registries and International Agency for Research on Cancer, working group. Program for multiple primaries- IARC/IACR multiple primary rules. Appendix 3 : Ferlay J, Burkhard C, Whelan S, Check and conversion programs for cancer registries (IARC/IACR tools for cancer registries). IARC Technical Report No. 42. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2005:38–45.
    1. Census Publication No. 125. Population Census Organization-Statistics Division, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad (2000) Statistical Tables-Part V‘1998 District Census Report of Lahore’. Islamabad: Government of Pakistan, 2000:77–305.
    1. Boyle P, Parkin DM. Chapter 11-Statistical Methods for Registries- IARC In: Jensen OM, Parkin DM, MacLennan R, eds Cancer Registration: Principles and Methods-IARC Scientific Publication No. 95. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1991. (accessed 17 Feb 2017).
    1. Cancer Incidence Statistics. Cancer Research UK. London, UK, 2017. (accessed 17 Feb 2017).
    1. Overview of the UK Population. Office for National Statistics. London, UK: The National Archives, 2016. (accessed 21 Aug 2017).
    1. Hossain MS, Begum M, Mian MM, et al. . Epidemiology of childhood and adolescent cancer in Bangladesh, 2001-2014. BMC Cancer 2016;16:104 10.1186/s12885-016-2161-0
    1. Arora RS, Eden TO, Kapoor G. Epidemiology of childhood cancer in India. Indian J Cancer 2009;46:264–73. 10.4103/0019-509X.55546
    1. Badar F, Mahmood S. Cancer among children and adolescents at a cancer hospital in Pakistan. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2015;27:904–10.
    1. Badar F, Mahmood S, Zaidi A, et al. . Age-standardized incidence rates for childhood cancers at a cancer hospital in a developing country. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2009;10:753–8.
    1. Curado MP, Edwards B, Shin HR, et al. . Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Vol. IX, IARC–2007 IARC Scientific Publications No.160. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Lyon, France, 2016. (accessed 12 Aug 2016).
    1. Steliarova-Foucher E, Colombet M, Ries LAG, eds International Incidence of Childhood Cancer, Volume III (electronic version). International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France, 2017. (accessed 17 Feb 2017).
    1. Cancer Statistics 2015. A presentation from the American cancer society, 2015. (accessed 12 Aug 2016).
    1. American Cancer Society. Cancer Statistics Center-Childhood and adolescent cancer incidence rates, 2008-2012 Data Source: North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR). Atlanta, GA, USA: American Cancer Society, 2016. (accessed 18 Aug 2016).
    1. Badar F, Mahmood S, Faraz R, et al. . Epidemiology of breast cancer at the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Lahore, Pakistan.. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2015;25:738–42. 10.2015/JCPSP.738742
    1. Shamsi U, Khan S, Usman S, et al. . A multicenter matched case control study of breast cancer risk factors among women in Karachi, Pakistan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013;14:183–8. 10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.1.183
    1. Butt Z, Haider SF, Arif S, et al. . Breast cancer risk factors: a comparison between pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women. J Pak Med Assoc 2012;62:120–4.
    1. Gilani GM, Kamal S. Risk factors for breast cancer in Pakistani women aged less than 45 years. Ann Hum Biol 2004;31:398–407. 10.1080/0301446042000226763
    1. Pervez T, Anwar MS, Sheikh AM. Study of risk factors for carcinoma breast in adult female general population in Lahore. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2001;11:291–3.
    1. Faheem M, Khurram M, Jafri IA, et al. . Risk factors for breast cancer in patients treated at NORI Hospital, Islamabad. J Pak Med Assoc 2007;57:242.
    1. NIH. Cancer Statistics; Interactive Tools-Fast Stats; by Cancer Site. Bethesda, MD, USA: National Cancer Center, 2017. (accessed 25 Aug 2017).
    1. WHO. Registry summary tables; Table: CI5X Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Volume X-International Agency for Research on Cancer. Lyon, France: World Health Organization, 2013. (accessed 29 Aug 2017).
    1. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. Population: Demographic Indicators-1998 Census and Area, Population, Density and Urban/Rural Proportion. Population and Housing Indicators Population Census 1998. Islamabad, Pakistan: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Government of Pakistan; (accessed 27 Sep 2017).

Source: PubMed

Sponsoren und Mitarbeiter

Krankheiten

Drogeninterventionen

3
Abonnieren