Impact of Sleep-Disordered Breathing Treatment on Quality of Life Measures in a Large Clinic-Based Cohort

Abstract

Study objectives: This study aims to report the effect of positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy on quality of life (QoL) measures in the clinical sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) population.

Methods: We examined general QoL measures assessed by European Quality of Life-5D (EQ-5D) and sleep-specific QoL by examining Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ) scores before and after PAP therapy retrospectively in a clinical SDB population using paired and two-sample t tests. Age and socioeconomic status (SES) effect modification on pre-PAP QoL measures were investigated utilizing the interaction terms.

Results: A total of 2,027 patients with SDB initiated PAP therapy between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2014. The mean age of the cohort was 56.2 years (standard deviation = 13.2), with 45.8% female and 76.9% Caucasians. EQ-5D change after exclusion of those with normal QoL was 0.042 (0.152) in all patients, 0.051 (0.150) in patients who were PAP adherent by self-report, and 0.050 (0.132) in patients who were objectively PAP adherent (n = 704 of 1,011 with available objective adherence data, 69.6%). Change in FOSQ after excluding those with normal FOSQ was 1.9 (2.9) in all patients, 2.2 (2.9) in patients who were PAP adherent by self-report, and 2.3 (2.9) in patients who were objectively PAP adherent. Those with (1) worse QoL at baseline and younger age and (2) worse QoL at baseline and residing in lower SES strata had worse outcomes after PAP therapy (P < .05).

Conclusions: We found consistent improvement in global and sleep-specific QoL measures after PAP therapy, hence providing evidence of PAP benefit in the clinical population and rationale for targeted efforts to optimize QoL in younger and lower SES subgroups.

Keywords: age; quality of life; sleep-disordered breathing; socioeconomic status.

© 2017 American Academy of Sleep Medicine

Figures

Figure 1. Flow diagram for study sample.

EQ-5D = European Quality of Life-5D, FOSQ = Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire, PAP = positive airway pressure.

Figure 2. Effect modification of PAP usage and EQ-5D and FOSQ by socioeconomic status in SDB (interactions adjusted for all the variables).

EQ-5D = European Quality of Life-5D, FOSQ = Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire, PAP = positive airway pressure, SDB = sleep-disordered breathing.

Figure 3. Effect modification of PAP usage and EQ-5D and FOSQ by age in SDB (interactions adjusted for all the variables).

EQ-5D = European Quality of Life-5D, FOSQ = Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire, PAP = positive airway pressure, SDB = sleep-disordered breathing.