Of chloroquine and COVID-19

Franck Touret, Xavier de Lamballerie, Franck Touret, Xavier de Lamballerie

Abstract

Recent publications have brought attention to the possible benefit of chloroquine, a broadly used antimalarial drug, in the treatment of patients infected by the novel emerged coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The scientific community should consider this information in light of previous experiments with chloroquine in the field of antiviral research.

Keywords: 2019-nCoV; Antiviral; COVID-19; Chloroquine; SARS-CoV-2.

Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

References

    1. Chauhan A., Tikoo A. The enigma of the clandestine association between chloroquine and HIV-1 infection. HIV Med. 2015;16:585–590. doi: 10.1111/hiv.12295.
    1. Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR) The world health organization international clinical trials registered organization registered platform. accessed 3.1.20.
    1. Colson P., Rolain J.-M., Raoult D. Chloroquine for the 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents. 2020 doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105923. 105923.
    1. Connolly K.M., Stecher V.J., Danis E., Pruden D.J., LaBrie T. Alteration of interleukin-1 activity and the acute phase response in adjuvant arthritic rats treated with disease modifying antirheumatic drugs. Agents Actions. 1988;25:94–105. doi: 10.1007/bf01969100.
    1. Coombs K., Mann E., Edwards J., Brown D.T. Effects of chloroquine and cytochalasin B on the infection of cells by Sindbis virus and vesicular stomatitis virus. J. Virol. 1981;37:1060–1065.
    1. De Lamballerie X., Boisson V., Reynier J.-C., Enault S., Charrel R.N., Flahault A., Roques P., Le Grand R. On chikungunya acute infection and chloroquine treatment. Vector Borne Zoonotic. 2008;8:837–839. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2008.0049.
    1. Delogu I., de Lamballerie X. Chikungunya disease and chloroquine treatment. J. Med. Virol. 2011;83:1058–1059. doi: 10.1002/jmv.22019.
    1. Dowall S.D., Bosworth A., Watson R., Bewley K., Taylor I., Rayner E., Hunter L., Pearson G., Easterbrook L., Pitman J., Hewson R., Carroll M.W. Chloroquine inhibited Ebola virus replication in vitro but failed to protect against infection and disease in the in vivo Guinea pig model. J. Gen. Virol. 2015;96:3484–3492. doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.000309.
    1. Falzarano D., Safronetz D., Prescott J., Marzi A., Feldmann F., Feldmann H. Lack of protection against ebola virus from chloroquine in mice and hamsters. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2015;21:1065–1067. doi: 10.3201/eid2106.150176.
    1. Frisk-Holmberg M., Bergqvist Y., Englund U. Chloroquine intoxication [letter] Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1983;15:502–503. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1983.tb01540.x.
    1. Gao J., Tian Z., Yang X. Breakthrough: chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies. Biosci. Trends. 2020 doi: 10.5582/bst.2020.01047.
    1. Helal G.K., Gad M.A., Abd-Ellah M.F., Eid M.S. Hydroxychloroquine augments early virological response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin in genotype-4 chronic hepatitis C patients. J. Med. Virol. 2016;88:2170–2178. doi: 10.1002/jmv.24575.
    1. Inglot A.D. Comparison of the antiviral activity in vitro of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J. Gen. Virol. 1969;4:203–214. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-4-2-203.
    1. Katz S.J., Russell A.S. Re-evaluation of antimalarials in treating rheumatic diseases: re-appreciation and insights into new mechanisms of action. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. 2011;23:278–281. doi: 10.1097/BOR.0b013e32834456bf.
    1. Keyaerts E., Li S., Vijgen L., Rysman E., Verbeeck J., Van Ranst M., Maes P. Antiviral activity of chloroquine against human coronavirus OC43 infection in newborn mice. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2009;53:3416–3421. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01509-08.
    1. Keyaerts E., Vijgen L., Maes P., Neyts J., Ranst M.V. In vitro inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by chloroquine. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2004;323:264–268. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.085.
    1. Li C., Zhu X., Ji X., Quanquin N., Deng Y.-Q., Tian M., Aliyari R., Zuo X., Yuan L., Afridi S.K., Li X.-F., Jung J.U., Nielsen-Saines K., Qin F.X.-F., Qin C.-F., Xu Z., Cheng G. Chloroquine, a FDA-approved drug, prevents Zika virus infection and its associated congenital microcephaly in mice. EBioMedicine. 2017;24:189–194. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.09.034.
    1. Maheshwari R.K., Srikantan V., Bhartiya D. Chloroquine enhances replication of Semliki Forest virus and encephalomyocarditis virus in mice. J. Virol. 1991;65:992–995.
    1. Miller D.K., Lenard J. Antihistaminics, local anesthetics, and other amines as antiviral agents. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1981;78:3605–3609. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.6.3605.
    1. Pallister J., Middleton D., Crameri G., Yamada M., Klein R., Hancock T.J., Foord A., Shiell B., Michalski W., Broder C.C., Wang L.-F. Chloroquine administration does not prevent Nipah virus infection and disease in ferrets. J. Virol. 2009;83:11979–11982. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01847-09.
    1. Paton N.I., Lee L., Xu Y., Ooi E.E., Cheung Y.B., Archuleta S., Wong G., Wilder-Smith A., Smith A.W. Chloroquine for influenza prevention: a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2011;11:677–683. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70065-2.
    1. Peymani P., Yeganeh B., Sabour S., Geramizadeh B., Fattahi M.R., Keyvani H., Azarpira N., Coombs K.M., Ghavami S., Lankarani K.B. New use of an old drug: chloroquine reduces viral and ALT levels in HCV non-responders (a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial) Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 2016;94:613–619. doi: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0507.
    1. Roques P., Thiberville S.-D., Dupuis-Maguiraga L., Lum F.-M., Labadie K., Martinon F., Gras G., Lebon P., Ng L.F.P., de Lamballerie X., Le Grand R. Paradoxical effect of chloroquine treatment in enhancing chikungunya virus infection. Viruses. 2018;10 doi: 10.3390/v10050268.
    1. Savarino A., Boelaert J.R., Cassone A., Majori G., Cauda R. Effects of chloroquine on viral infections: an old drug against today's diseases. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2003;3:722–727. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00806-5.
    1. Seth P., Mani H., Singh A.K., Banaudha K.K., Madhavan S., Sidhu G.S., Gaddipati J.P., Vogel S.N., Maheshwari R.K. Acceleration of viral replication and up-regulation of cytokine levels by antimalarials: implications in malaria-endemic areas. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1999;61:180–186. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1999.61.180.
    1. Shimizu Y., Yamamoto S., Homma M., Ishida N. Effect of chloroquine on the growth of animal viruses. Arch. Gesamte Virusforsch. 1972;36:93–104. doi: 10.1007/bf01250299.
    1. Tan Y.W., Yam W.K., Sun J., Chu J.J.H. An evaluation of chloroquine as a broad-acting antiviral against hand, foot and mouth disease. Antivir. Res. 2018;149:143–149. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.11.017.
    1. Tricou V., Minh N.N., Van T.P., Lee S.J., Farrar J., Wills B., Tran H.T., Simmons C.P. A randomized controlled trial of chloroquine for the treatment of dengue in Vietnamese adults. PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis. 2010;4:e785. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000785.
    1. Vigerust D.J., McCullers J.A. Chloroquine is effective against influenza A virus in vitro but not in vivo. Influenza Other Respir. Viruses. 2007;1:189–192. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2007.00027.x.
    1. Wang M., Cao R., Zhang L., Yang X., Liu J., Xu M., Shi Z., Hu Z., Zhong W., Xiao G. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Res. 2020:1–3. doi: 10.1038/s41422-020-0282-0.
    1. Yan Y., Zou Z., Sun Y., Li X., Xu K.-F., Wei Y., Jin N., Jiang C. Anti-malaria drug chloroquine is highly effective in treating avian influenza A H5N1 virus infection in an animal model. Cell Res. 2013;23:300–302. doi: 10.1038/cr.2012.165.

Source: PubMed

Sponsoren und Mitarbeiter

Krankheiten

Drogeninterventionen

3
Abonnieren