Impact of reliable light and electricity on job satisfaction among maternity health workers in Uganda: A cluster randomized trial

Abstract

Background: Maintaining a motivated health workforce is critical to health system effectiveness and quality of care. Scant evidence exists on whether interventions aimed to strengthen health infrastructure in low-resource settings affect health workers. This study evaluated the impact of an intervention providing solar light and electricity to rural maternity facilities in Uganda on health workers' job satisfaction.

Methods: We used a mixed-methods design embedded in a cluster randomized trial to evaluate whether and how the We Care Solar Suitcase intervention, a solar electric system providing lighting and power, affected health workers in rural Ugandan maternity facilities with unreliable light. Facilities were randomly assigned to receive the intervention or not without blinding in a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Outcomes were assessed through two rounds of surveys with health workers. We used regression analyses to examine the intervention's impact on job satisfaction. We used an inductive approach to analyze qualitative data to understand the study context and interpret quantitative findings.

Results: We interviewed 85 health workers across 30 facilities, the majority of whom were midwives or nurses. Qualitative reports indicated that unreliable light made it difficult to provide care, worsened facility conditions, and harmed health workers and patients. Before the intervention, only 4% of health workers were satisfied with their access to light and electricity. After the installation, satisfaction with light increased by 76 percentage points [95% confidence interval (CI): 61-92 percentage points], although satisfaction with electricity did not change. Experience of negative impacts of lack of overhead light also significantly decreased and the intervention modestly increased job satisfaction. Qualitative evidence illustrated how the intervention may have strengthened health workers' sense of job security and confidence in providing high-quality care while pointing towards implementation challenges and other barriers health workers faced.

Conclusions: Reliable access to light and electricity directly affects health workers' ability to provide maternal and neonatal care and modestly improves job satisfaction. Policy makers should invest in health infrastructure as part of multifaceted policy strategies to strengthen human resources for health and to improve maternal and newborn health services. Trial registration socialscienceregistry.org: AEARCTR-0003078. Registered June 12, 2018, https://www.socialscienceregistry.org/trials/3078 Additionally registered on: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03589625, Registered July 18, 2018, https://ichgcp.net/clinical-trials-registry/NCT03589625 ).

Keywords: Electricity and light; Job satisfaction; Maternal and newborn health; Mixed-methods; Solar energy; Uganda.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

© 2022. The Author(s).

Figures

Fig. 1

Study flow chart

Fig. 2

Impact of insufficient light or electricity based on qualitative open-ended questions with health workers

Fig. 3

Impact of intervention on individual items related to job satisfaction. Linear regression results show point estimates and 95% confidence interval. Standard errors are clustered at facility level. Sample consists of all health workers present at the baseline survey. Health workers rated to what extent they agreed with each statement on a 1–5 scale, with 1 being “strongly disagree” and 5 “strongly agree”.