Health outcomes associated with reallocations of time between sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity: a systematic scoping review of isotemporal substitution studies

Jozo Grgic, Dorothea Dumuid, Enrique Garcia Bengoechea, Nipun Shrestha, Adrian Bauman, Timothy Olds, Zeljko Pedisic, Jozo Grgic, Dorothea Dumuid, Enrique Garcia Bengoechea, Nipun Shrestha, Adrian Bauman, Timothy Olds, Zeljko Pedisic

Abstract

Background: During a 24-h day, each given period is spent in either sedentary behaviour, sleeping, light physical activity (LPA), or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). In epidemiological research most studies have traditionally analysed the associations of these behaviours in isolation from each other; that is, without taking into account the displacement of time spent in the remaining behaviours. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in exploring how all the behaviours across the energy expenditure spectrum influence health outcomes. A statistical model used to investigate these associations is termed an isotemporal substitution model (ISM). Considering the increasing number of ISM-based studies conducted in all age groups, the present paper aimed to: (i) review and summarise findings from studies that employed ISM in sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity research; (ii) appraise the methodological quality of the studies; and (iii) suggest future research directions in this area.

Methods: A systematic search of ten databases was performed. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies.

Results: Fifty-six studies met the inclusion criteria, all being of moderate or high methodological quality. Associations were reported for exchanged time varying from one minute to 120 min/day across the studies, with 30 min/day being the most common amount of time reallocated. In total, three different ISM methodologies were used. The most commonly studied health outcomes in relation to isotemporal substitutions were mortality, general health, mental health, adiposity, fitness, and cardiometabolic biomarkers. It seems that reallocations of sedentary time to LPA or MVPA are associated with significant reduction in mortality risk. Current evidence appears to consistently suggest that reductions in mortality risk are greater when time spent sedentary is replaced with higher intensities of physical activity. For adiposity, it seems that reallocating sedentary time to physical activity may be associated with reduced body mass index, body fat percentage, and waist circumference in all age groups, with the magnitude of associations being greater for higher intensities of physical activity. While there is a relatively large body of evidence reporting beneficial associations between the reallocation of time from sedentary behaviour to LPA or MVPA and cardiometabolic biomarkers among adults, there is a lack of studies among children, adolescents, and older adults. Although some studies investigated general health, mental health, and fitness outcomes, further investigation of these topics is warranted. In general, it seems that the strongest association with health outcomes is observed when time is reallocated from sedentary behaviour to MVPA. Most studies did not account for sleep time, which is a major limitation of the current evidence.

Conclusions: The current evidence indicates that time reallocation between sleep, sedentary behaviour, LPA, and MVPA may be associated with a number of health outcomes. Future studies should employ longitudinal designs, take into account all movement behaviours, and examine a wider range of health, psychological, social, economic, and environmental outcomes.

Conflict of interest statement

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

All authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow diagram of the search process

References

    1. Pedišić Ž. Measurement issues and poor adjustments for physical activity and sleep undermine sedentary behaviour research – the focus should shift to the balance between sleep, sedentary behaviour, standing and activity. Kinesiology. 2014;46(1):135–146.
    1. Pedišić Ž, Dumuid D, Olds TS. Integrating sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity research in the emerging field of time-use epidemiology: definitions, concepts, statistical methods, theoretical framework, and future directions. Kinesiology. 2017;49(2):1–18.
    1. Cappuccio FP, Cooper D, D'Elia L, Strazzullo P, Miller MA. Sleep duration predicts cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur Heart J. 2011;32(12):1484–1492. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr007.
    1. Cappuccio FP, D'Elia L, Strazzullo P, Miller MA. Quantity and quality of sleep and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(2):414–420. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1124.
    1. Cappuccio FP, D'Elia L, Strazzullo P, Miller MA. Sleep duration and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Sleep. 2010;33(5):585–592. doi: 10.1093/sleep/33.5.585.
    1. Cappuccio FP, Taggart FM, Kandala N, Currie A, Peile E, Stranges S, Miller MA. Meta-analysis of short sleep duration and obesity in children and adults. Sleep. 2008;31(5):619–626. doi: 10.1093/sleep/31.5.619.
    1. de Rezende LF, Rodrigues Lopes M, Rey-Lopez JP, Matsudo VK, Luiz Odo C. Sedentary behavior and health outcomes: an overview of systematic reviews. PLoS One. 2014;9(8):e105620. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105620.
    1. Lee IM, Shiroma EJ, Lobelo F, Puska P, Blair SN, Katzmarzyk PT. Lancet physical activity series working group. Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. Lancet. 2012;380(9838):219–229. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61031-9.
    1. Xi B, He D, Zhang M, Xue J, Zhou D. Short sleep duration predicts risk of metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2014;18(4):293–297. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2013.06.001.
    1. Zhao H, Yin JY, Yang WS, Qin Q, Li TT, Shi Y, Deng Q, Wei S, Liu L, Wang X, et al. Sleep duration and cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(12):7509–7515. doi: 10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.12.7509.
    1. Tremblay MS, Carson V, Chaput JP, Connor Gorber S, Dinh T, Duggan M, Faulkner G, Gray CE, Gruber R, Janson K, et al. Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines for children and youth: an integration of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016;41(6 Suppl 3):S311–S327. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0151.
    1. Mekary RA, Willett WC, Hu FB, Ding EL. Isotemporal substitution paradigm for physical activity epidemiology and weight change. Am J Epidemiol. 2009;170(4):519–527. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwp163.
    1. Chastin SF, Palarea-Albaladejo J, Dontje ML, Skelton DA. Combined effects of time spent in physical activity, sedentary behaviors and sleep on obesity and cardio-metabolic health markers: a novel compositional data analysis approach. PLoS One. 2015;10(10):e0139984. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139984.
    1. Dumuid D, Pedišić Ž, Stanford TE, Martín-Fernández JA, Hron K, Maher CA, Lewis LK, Olds T. The compositional isotemporal substitution model: a method for estimating changes in a health outcome for reallocation of time between sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity. Stat Methods Med Res. 10.1177/0962280217737805.
    1. Dumuid D, Stanford TE, Martin-Fernández JA, Pedišić Ž, Maher CA, Lewis LK, Hron K, Katzmarzyk PT, Chaput JP, Fogelholm M, et al. Compositional data analysis for physical activity, sedentary time and sleep research. Stat Methods Med Res. 10.1177/0962280217710835.
    1. Kahlmeier S, Wijnhoven TM, Alpiger P, Schweizer C, Breda J, Martin BW. National physical activity recommendations: systematic overview and analysis of the situation in European countries. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:133. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1412-3.
    1. Oja P, Titze S. Physical activity recommendations for public health: development and policy context. EPMA J. 2011;2(3):253–259. doi: 10.1007/s13167-011-0090-1.
    1. García-Hermoso A, Saavedra JM, Ramírez-Vélez R, Ekelund U, Del Pozo-Cruz B. Reallocating sedentary time to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity but not to light-intensity physical activity is effective to reduce adiposity among youths: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2017;18(9):1088–1095. doi: 10.1111/obr.12552.
    1. Boyle T, Vallance JK, Buman MP, Lynch BM. Reallocating time to sleep, sedentary time, or physical activity: associations with waist circumference and body mass index in breast cancer survivors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2017;26(2):254–260. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-16-0545.
    1. Collings PJ, Brage S, Bingham DD, Costa S, West J, McEachan RRC, Wright J, Barber SE. Physical activity, sedentary time, and fatness in a biethnic sample of young children. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017;49(5):930–938. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001180.
    1. Collings PJ, Westgate K, Väistö J, Wijndaele K, Atkin AJ, Haapala EA, Lintu N, Laitinen T, Ekelund U, Brage S, et al. Cross-sectional associations of objectively-measured physical activity and sedentary time with body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in mid-childhood: the PANIC study. Sports Med. 2017;47(4):769–780. doi: 10.1007/s40279-016-0606-x.
    1. Dahl-Petersen IK, Brage S, Bjerregaard P, Tolstrup JS, Jørgensen ME. Physical activity and abdominal fat distribution in Greenland. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017;49(10):2064–2070. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001337.
    1. Dalene KE, Anderssen SA, Andersen LB, Steene-Johannessen J, Ekelund U, Hansen BH, Kolle E. Cross-sectional and prospective associations between physical activity, body mass index and waist circumference in children and adolescents. Obes Sci Pract. 2017; 10.1002/osp4.114.
    1. Edwardson CL, Henson J, Bodicoat DH, Bakrania K, Khunti K, Davies MJ, Yates T. Associations of reallocating sitting time into standing or stepping with glucose, insulin and insulin sensitivity: a cross-sectional analysis of adults at risk of type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open. 2017;7(1):e014267. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014267.
    1. Fairclough SJ, Dumuid D, Taylor S, Curry W, McGrane B, Stratton G, Maher C, Olds T. Fitness, fatness and the reallocation of time between children’s daily movement behaviours: an analysis of compositional data. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2017;14:64. doi: 10.1186/s12966-017-0521-z.
    1. Fanning J, Porter G, Awick EA, Ehlers DK, Roberts SA, Cooke G, Burzynska AZ, Voss MW, Kramer AF, McAuley E. Replacing sedentary time with sleep, light, or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity: effects on self-regulation and executive functioning. J Behav Med. 2017;40(2):332–342. doi: 10.1007/s10865-016-9788-9.
    1. Leppänen MH, Henriksson P, Delisle Nyström C, Henriksson H, Ortega FB, Pomeroy J, Ruiz JR, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Löf M. Longitudinal physical activity, body composition, and physical fitness in preschoolers. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017;49(10):2078–2085. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001313.
    1. Moore JB, Beets MW, Brazendale K, Blair SN, Pate RR, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Grøntved A, Hallal PC, Kordas K, et al. Associations of vigorous-intensity physical activity with biomarkers in youth. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017;49(7):1366–1374. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001249.
    1. Nilsson A, Wåhlin-Larsson B, Kadi F. Physical activity and not sedentary time per se influences on clustered metabolic risk in elderly community-dwelling women. PLoS One. 2017;12(4):e0175496. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175496.
    1. Pinto D, Song J, Lee J, Chang RW, Semanik PA, Ehrlich-Jones LS, Pellegrini CA, Dunlop DD. The association between sedentary time and quality of life from the osteoarthritis initiative: who might benefit most from treatment? Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2017;98(12):2485–2490. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2017.06.004.
    1. Rethorst CD, Moncrieft AE, Gellman MD, Arredondo EM, Buelna C, Castañeda SF, Daviglus ML, Khan UI, Perreira KM, et al. Isotemporal analysis of the association of objectively measured physical activity with depressive symptoms: results from Hispanic community health study/study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) J Phys Act Health. 2017;14(9):733–739. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2016-0648.
    1. Rosique-Esteban N, Díaz-López A, Martínez-González MA, Corella D, Goday A, Martínez JA, Romaguera D, Vioque J, Arós F, Garcia-Rios A, et al. Leisure-time physical activity, sedentary behaviors, sleep, and cardiometabolic risk factors at baseline in the PREDIMED-PLUS intervention trial: a cross-sectional analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12(3):e0172253. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172253.
    1. Ryan CG, Wellburn S, McDonough S, Martin DJ, Batterham AM. The association between displacement of sedentary time and chronic musculoskeletal pain: an isotemporal substitution analysis. Physiotherapy. 2017;103(4):471–477. doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2017.01.003.
    1. Vallance JK, Buman MP, Lynch BM, Boyle T. Reallocating time to sleep, sedentary, and active behaviours in non-Hodgkin lymphoma survivors: associations with patient-reported outcomes. Ann Hematol. 2017;96(5):749–755. doi: 10.1007/s00277-017-2942-9.
    1. VAN DER Berg JD, VAN DER Velde JHPM, DE Waard EAC, Bosma H, Savelberg HHCM, Schaper NC, VAN DEN Bergh JPW, Geusens PPMM, Schram MT, Sep SJS, et al. Replacement effects of sedentary time on metabolic outcomes: the Maastricht study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017;49(7):1351–1358. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001248.
    1. VAN DER Velde JHPM, Koster A, VAN DER Berg JD, Sep SJS, VAN DER Kallen CJH, Dagnelie PC, Schram MT, Henry RMA, Eussen SJPM, VAN Dongen MCJM, et al. Sedentary behavior, physical activity, and fitness-the Maastricht study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017;49(8):1583–1591. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001262.
    1. Varela-Mato V, O'Shea O, King JA, Yates T, Stensel DJ, Biddle SJ, Nimmo MA, Clemes SA. Cross-sectional surveillance study to phenotype lorry drivers' sedentary behaviours, physical activity and cardio-metabolic health. BMJ Open. 2017;7(6):e013162. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013162.
    1. Whitaker KM, Buman MP, Odegaard AO, Carpenter KC, Jacobs DR, Sidney S, Pereira MA. Sedentary behaviors and cardiometabolic risk, an isotemporal substitution analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 2017; 10.1093/aje/kwx209.
    1. Wijndaele K, Sharp SJ, Wareham NJ, Brage S. Mortality risk reductions from substituting screen time by discretionary activities. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017;49(6):1111–1119. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001206.
    1. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, PRISMA Group Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009;6(7):e1000097. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097.
    1. World Health Organization. 2010. Global recommendations on physical activity for health. Geneva: WHO Press.
    1. Wells G, Shea B, O’connell D. Peterson, V Welch, M Losos, P Tugwell. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. 2000; Available from:
    1. Gao Y, Huang YB, Liu XO, Chen C, Dai HJ, Song FJ, Wang J, Chen KX, Wang YG. Tea consumption, alcohol drinking and physical activity associations with breast cancer risk among Chinese females: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(12):7543–7550. doi: 10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.12.7543.
    1. Aggio D, Smith L, Hamer M. Effects of reallocating time in different activity intensities on health and fitness: a cross sectional study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2015;12:83. doi: 10.1186/s12966-015-0249-6.
    1. Balboa-Castillo T, León-Muñoz LM, Graciani A, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Guallar-Castillón P. Longitudinal association of physical activity and sedentary behavior during leisure time with health-related quality of life in community-dwelling older adults. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2011;9:47. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-9-47.
    1. Boeke CE, Eliassen AH, Oh H, Spiegelman D, Willett WC, Tamimi RM. Adolescent physical activity in relation to breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2014;145(3):715–724. doi: 10.1007/s10549-014-2919-5.
    1. Buman MP, Hekler EB, Haskell WL, Pruitt L, Conway TL, Cain KL, Sallis JF, Saelens BE, Frank LD, King AC. Objective light-intensity physical activity associations with rated health in older adults. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;172(10):1155–1165. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwq249.
    1. Buman MP, Winkler EA, Kurka JM, Hekler EB, Baldwin CM, Owen N, Ainsworth BE, Healy GN, Gardiner PA. Reallocating time to sleep, sedentary behaviors, or active behaviors: associations with cardiovascular disease risk biomarkers, NHANES 2005-2006. Am J Epidemiol. 2014;179(3):323–334. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwt292.
    1. Carson V, Tremblay MS, Chaput JP, Chastin SF. Associations between sleep duration, sedentary time, physical activity, and health indicators among Canadian children and youth using compositional analyses. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016;41(6 Suppl 3):S294–S302. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0026.
    1. Chomistek AK, Cook NR, Flint AJ, Rimm EB. Vigorous-intensity leisure-time physical activity and risk of major chronic disease in men. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44(10):1898–1905. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31825a68f3.
    1. Ekblom-Bak E, Ekblom Ö, Bergström G, Börjesson M. Isotemporal substitution of sedentary time by physical activity of different intensities and bout lengths, and its associations with metabolic risk. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2016;23(9):967–974. doi: 10.1177/2047487315619734.
    1. Ekblom-Bak E, Ekblom Ö, Bolam KA, Ekblom B, Bergström G, Börjesson M. SCAPIS pilot study: sitness, fitness and fatness - is sedentary time substitution by physical activity equally important for everyone's markers of glucose regulation? J Phys Act Health. 2016;13(7):697–703. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2015-0611.
    1. Falconer CL, Page AS, Andrews RC, Cooper AR. The potential impact of displacing sedentary time in adults with type 2 diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015;47(10):2070–2075. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000651.
    1. Fishman EI, Steeves JA, Zipunnikov V, Koster A, Berrigan D, Harris TA, Murphy R. Association between objectively measured physical activity and mortality in NHANES. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016;48(7):1303–1311. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000885.
    1. Gupta N, Heiden M, Aadahl M, Korshøj M, Jørgensen MB, Holtermann A. What is the effect on obesity indicators from replacing prolonged sedentary time with brief sedentary bouts, standing and different types of physical activity during working days? A cross-sectional accelerometer-based study among blue-collar workers. PLoS One. 2016;11(5):e0154935. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154935.
    1. Hamer M, Stamatakis E, Steptoe A. Effects of substituting sedentary time with physical activity on metabolic risk. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014;46(10):1946–1950. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000317.
    1. Healy GN, Winkler EA, Brakenridge CL, Reeves MM, Eakin EG. Accelerometer-derived sedentary and physical activity time in overweight/obese adults with type 2 diabetes: cross-sectional associations with cardiometabolic biomarkers. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0119140. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119140.
    1. Healy GN, Winkler EAH, Owen N, Anuradha S, Dunstan DW. Replacing sitting time with standing or stepping: associations with cardio-metabolic risk biomarkers. Eur Heart J. 2015;36(39):2643–2649. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv308.
    1. Huang WY, Wong SH, He G, Salmon JO. Isotemporal substitution analysis for sedentary behavior and body mass index. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016;48(11):2135–2141. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001002.
    1. Janssen I. Estimating whether replacing time in active outdoor play and sedentary video games with active video games influences youth's mental health. J Adolesc Health. 2016;59(5):517–522. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.07.007.
    1. Kim MJ. Isotemporal substitution analysis of accelerometer-derived sedentary behavior, physical activity time, and physical function in older women: a preliminary study. Exerc Sci. 2015;24(4):373–381. doi: 10.15857/ksep.2015.24.4.373.
    1. Lee PH. Examining non-linear associations between accelerometer-measured physical activity, sedentary behavior, and all-cause mortality using segmented cox regression. Front Physiol. 2016;7:272.
    1. Leppänen MH, Nyström CD, Henriksson P, Pomeroy J, Ruiz JR, Ortega FB, Cadenas-Sánchez C, Löf M. Physical activity intensity, sedentary behavior, body composition and physical fitness in 4-year-old children: results from the ministop trial. Int J Obes. 2016;40(7):1126–1133. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2016.54.
    1. Loprinzi PD, Cardinal BJ, Lee H, Tudor-Locke C. Markers of adiposity among children and adolescents: implications of the isotemporal substitution paradigm with sedentary behavior and physical activity patterns. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2015;14:46. doi: 10.1186/s40200-015-0175-9.
    1. Loprinzi PD, Loenneke JP. Mortality risk and perceived quality of life as a function of waking time in discretionary movement-based behaviors: isotemporal substitution effects. Qual Life Res. 2017;26(2):343–348. doi: 10.1007/s11136-016-1385-4.
    1. Matthews CE, Moore SC, Sampson J, Blair A, Xiao Q, Keadle SK, Hollenbeck A, Park Y. Mortality benefits for replacing sitting time with different physical activities. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015;47(9):1833–1840. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000621.
    1. Matthews CE, Keadle SK, Troiano RP, Kahle L, Koster A, Brychta R, Van Domelen D, Caserotti P, Chen KY, Harris TB, et al. Accelerometer-measured dose-response for physical activity, sedentary time, and mortality in US adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;104(5):1424–1432. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.135129.
    1. Mekary RA, Grøntved A, Despres JP, De Moura LP, Asgarzadeh M, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Giovannucci E, Hu FB. Weight training, aerobic physical activities, and long-term waist circumference change in men. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015;23(2):461–467. doi: 10.1002/oby.20949.
    1. Mekary RA, Lucas M, Pan A, Okereke OI, Willett WC, Hu FB, Ding EL. Isotemporal substitution analysis for physical activity, television watching, and risk of depression. Am J Epidemiol. 2013;178(3):474–483. doi: 10.1093/aje/kws590.
    1. Sardinha LB, Marques A, Minderico C, Ekelund U. Cross-sectional and prospective impact of reallocating sedentary time to physical activity on children's body composition. Pediatr Obes. 2017;12(5):373–379. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12153.
    1. Schmid D, Ricci C, Baumeister SE, Leitzmann MF. Replacing sedentary time with physical activity in relation to mortality. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016;48(7):1312–1319. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000913.
    1. Stamatakis E, Rogers K, Ding D, Berrigan D, Chau J, Hamer M, Bauman A. All-cause mortality effects of replacing sedentary time with physical activity and sleeping using an isotemporal substitution model: a prospective study of 201,129 mid-aged and older adults. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2015;12:121. doi: 10.1186/s12966-015-0280-7.
    1. van Roekel EH, Bours MJ, Breedveld-Peters JJ, Willems PJ, Meijer K, Kant I, van den Brandt PA, Beets GL, Sanduleanu S, Weijenberg MP. Modeling how substitution of sedentary behavior with standing or physical activity is associated with health-related quality of life in colorectal cancer survivors. Cancer Causes Control. 2016;27(4):513–525. doi: 10.1007/s10552-016-0725-6.
    1. Wang X, Strizich G, Hua S, Sotres-Alvarez D, Buelna C, Gallo LC, Gellman MD, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, O'Brien MJ, Stoutenberg M, et al. Objectively measured sedentary time and cardiovascular risk factor control in US Hispanics/Latinos with diabetes mellitus: results from the Hispanic community health study/study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(6)
    1. Wellburn S, Ryan CG, Azevedo LB, Ells L, Martin DJ, Atkinson G, Batterham AM. Displacing sedentary time: association with cardiovascular disease prevalence. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016;48(4):641–647. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000816.
    1. Yates T, Henson J, Edwardson C, Dunstan D, Bodicoat DH, Khunti K, Davies MJ. Objectively measured sedentary time and associations with insulin sensitivity: importance of reallocating sedentary time to physical activity. Prev Med. 2015;76:79–83. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.04.005.
    1. Rezende LFM, Sá TH, Mielke GI, Viscondi JYK, Rey-López JP, Garcia LMT. All-cause mortality attributable to sitting time: analysis of 54 countries worldwide. Am J Prev Med. 2016;51(2):253–263. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.01.022.
    1. Oerlemans S, Mols F, Nijziel MR, Lybeert M. Van de poll-Franse LV. The impact of treatment, socio-demographic and clinical characteristics on health-related quality of life among Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma survivors: a systematic review. Ann Hematol. 2011;90(9):993–1004. doi: 10.1007/s00277-011-1274-4.
    1. Vallance JK, Courneya KS, Jones LW, Reiman T. Differences in quality of life between non-Hodgkin's lymphoma survivors meeting and not meeting public health exercise guidelines. Psychooncology. 2005;14(11):979–991. doi: 10.1002/pon.910.
    1. Blazer DG, Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Swartz MS. The prevalence and distribution of major depression in a national community sample: the National Comorbidity Survey. Am J Psychiatry. 1994;151(7):979–986. doi: 10.1176/ajp.151.7.979.
    1. Farmer ME, Locke BZ, Mościcki EK, Dannenberg AL, Larson DB, Radloff LS. Physical activity and depressive symptoms: the NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study. Am J Epidemiol. 1988;128(6):1340–1351. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115087.
    1. Shrestha N, Kukkonen-Harjula KT, Verbeek JH, Ijaz S, Hermans V, Bhaumik S. Workplace interventions for reducing sitting at work. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;3:CD010912.
    1. American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association. 2010. Exercise and type 2 diabetes: American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association: joint position statement. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42:2282–2303.
    1. Cichosz SL, Fleischer J, Hoeyem P, Laugesen E, Poulsen PL, Christiansen JS, Ejskjær N, Hansen TK. Objective measurements of activity patterns in people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes demonstrate a sedentary lifestyle. Diabet Med. 30(9):1063–6.
    1. National Sleep Foundation. International bedroom poll 2013. Available from:
    1. Saner NJ, Bishop DJ, Bartlett JD. Is exercise a viable therapeutic intervention to mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance induced by sleep loss? Sleep Med Rev. 2018;37:60–68. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.01.001.
    1. Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, Castillo MJ, Sjöström M. Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: a powerful marker of health. Int J Obes. 2008;32(1):1–11. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803774.
    1. Ortega FB, Labayen I, Ruiz JR, Kurvinen E, Loit HM, Harro J, Veidebaum T, Sjöström M. Improvements in fitness reduce the risk of becoming overweight across puberty. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(10):1891–1897.
    1. Ortega FB, Silventoinen K, Tynelius P, Rasmussen F. Muscular strength in male adolescents and premature death: cohort study of one million participants. BMJ. 2012;345:e7279. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e7279.
    1. Schranz N, Tomkinson G, Olds T. What is the effect of resistance training on the strength, body composition and psychosocial status of overweight and obese children and adolescents? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2013;43(9):893–907. doi: 10.1007/s40279-013-0062-9.
    1. Dumuid D, Stanford TE, Pedišić Ž, Maher C, Lewis LK, Martín-Fernández JA, Katzmarzyk PT, Chaput JP, Fogelholm M, Standage M, et al. Adiposity and the isotemporal substitution of physical activity, sedentary time and sleep among school-aged children: a compositional data analysis approach. BMC Public Health. 2018;18:311. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5207-1.
    1. Pedišić Ž, Bauman A. Accelerometer-based measures in physical activity surveillance: current practices and issues. Br J Sports Med. 2015;49(4):219–223. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-093407.
    1. Chau JY, Bonfiglioli C, Zhong A, Pedisic Z, Daley M, McGill B, Bauman A. Sitting ducks face chronic disease: an analysis of newspaper coverage of sedentary behaviour as a health issue in Australia 2000-2012. Health Promot J Austr. 2017;28(2):139–143. doi: 10.1071/HE16054.

Source: PubMed

Sponsoren und Mitarbeiter

Krankheiten

Drogeninterventionen

3
Abonnieren