The Benefits of Physical Exercise on Mental Disorders and Quality of Life in Substance Use Disorders Patients. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Jorge Giménez-Meseguer, Juan Tortosa-Martínez, Juan M Cortell-Tormo, Jorge Giménez-Meseguer, Juan Tortosa-Martínez, Juan M Cortell-Tormo

Abstract

Physical exercise seems to have a promising effect on numerous variables related to the recovery of drug-dependent patients. However, some contradictions are found in the literature. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to identify the effect of physical exercise on mental disorders, quality of life, abstinence, and craving, and make a comparison of the effect of exercise depending on the type of program. A search for articles was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Studies were selected that measured the acute effects or long-term effect (≥2 weeks) of exercise in patients who met criteria for alcohol use disorders or substance use disorders. A total of 59 studies were included. An effect of exercise on quality of life and mental disorders was identified. Subgroup analysis revealed an effect of exercise on stress (SMD = 1.11 (CI: 0.31, 1.91); z = 2.73; p = 0.006), anxiety (SMD = 0.50 (CI: 0.16, 0.84); z = 2.88; p = 0.004) and depression (SMD = 0.63 (CI: 0.34, 0.92); z = 4.31; p < 0.0001), and an effect of exercise on the eight variables included in the SF36 test. The results also showed a trend towards a positive effect on craving (SMD = 0.89 (CI: −0.05, 1.82); z = 1.85, p = 0.06). Body-mind activities and programs based on improving physical conditions produced similar results in mental disorders and quality of life. Available evidence indicates that physical exercise, both body-mind and physical fitness programs, can be effective in improving mental disorders, craving, and quality of life in drug-dependent patients.

Keywords: anxiety; craving; depression; drug addiction; mental disorders; physical activity; physical exercise; quality of life; stress; substance use disorders.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of the study selection process.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Trim and Fill funnel plot (Role Emotional).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Trim and Fill funnel plot (Mental Health).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of the exercise on quality of life (all programs included).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of the exercise on quality of life (all programs included).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effects of the exercise on mental disorders and craving (all programs included).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effects of the exercise on mental disorders and craving (all programs included).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effect of physical fitness programs on quality of life.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effect of physical fitness programs on quality of life.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Effect of programs based on oriental practices on quality of life.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Effect of programs based on oriental practices on quality of life.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Effect of physical fitness programs on mental disorders and craving.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Effect of oriental practices on mental disorders and craving.

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