Effects of Influenza Vaccination in the United States During the 2017-2018 Influenza Season
Melissa A Rolfes, Brendan Flannery, Jessie R Chung, Alissa O'Halloran, Shikha Garg, Edward A Belongia, Manjusha Gaglani, Richard K Zimmerman, Michael L Jackson, Arnold S Monto, Nisha B Alden, Evan Anderson, Nancy M Bennett, Laurie Billing, Seth Eckel, Pam Daily Kirley, Ruth Lynfield, Maya L Monroe, Melanie Spencer, Nancy Spina, H Keipp Talbot, Ann Thomas, Salina M Torres, Kimberly Yousey-Hindes, James A Singleton, Manish Patel, Carrie Reed, Alicia M Fry, US Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness (Flu VE) Network, the Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network, and the Assessment Branch, Immunization Services Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Huong Q McLean, Jennifer P King, Mary Patricia Nowalk, G K Balasubramani, Todd M Bear, Robert Hickey, John V Williams, Evelyn C Reis, Krissy K Moehling, Heather Eng, Lisa A Jackson, Michael Smith, Chandni Raiyani, Lydia Clipper, Kempapura Murthy, Wencong Chen, Michael Reis, Joshua G Petrie, Ryan E Malosh, E J McSpadden, Hannah E Segaloff, Caroline K Cheng, Rachel Truscon, Emileigh Johnson, Lois E Lamerato, Bret Rosenblum, Samantha Ford, Monika Johnson, Jonathan M Raviotta, Terrie Sax, Jonathan Steele, Michael Susick, Rina Chabra, Edward Garofolo, Philip Iozzi, Barbara Kevish, Donald B Middleton, Leonard Urbanski, Teresa Ponder, Todd Crumbaker, Iosefo Iosefo, Patricia Sleeth, Virginia Gandy, Kelsey Bounds, Mary Kylberg, Arundhati Rao, Robert Fader, Kimberley Walker, Marcus Volz, Jeremy Ray, Deborah Price, Jennifer Thomas, Hania Wehbe-Janek, Madhava Beeram, John Boyd, Jamie Walkowiak, Robert Probe, Glen Couchman, Shahin Motakef, Alejandro Arroliga, Anne Kaniclides, Emerson Bouldin, Christoph Baker, Kimberly Berke, Mackenzie Smith, Niharika Rajesh, Elizabeth Alleman, Sarah Bauer, Michelle Groesbeck, Kristyn Brundidge, Neha Hafeez, Jayla Jackson, Ian Anastasia, Gabriel Kadoo, Sarah Petnic, Alison Ryan, Amber Maslar, James Meek, Rona Chen, Samantha Stephens, Stepy Thomas, Suzanne Segler, Kyle Openo, Emily Fawcett, Monica Farley, Andrew Martin, Patricia Ryan, Robert Sunkel, Taylor Lutich, Rebecca Perlmutter, Brittany Grace, Timothy Blood, Cindy Zerrlaut, Melissa McMahon, Anna Strain, Jamie Christensen, Kathy Angeles, Lisa Butler, Sarah Khanlian, Robert Mansmann, Chelsea McMullen, Eva Pradhan, Katarina Manzi, Christina Felsen, Maria Gaitan, Krista Long, Nicholas Fisher, Emily Hawley, Rory O'Shaughnessy, Magdalena Scott, Courtney Crawford, William Schaffner, Tiffanie Markus, Karen Leib, Katie Dyer, Tammy Santibanez, Yusheng Zhai, Pengjun Lu, Anup Srivastav, Mei-Chuan Hung, Melissa A Rolfes, Brendan Flannery, Jessie R Chung, Alissa O'Halloran, Shikha Garg, Edward A Belongia, Manjusha Gaglani, Richard K Zimmerman, Michael L Jackson, Arnold S Monto, Nisha B Alden, Evan Anderson, Nancy M Bennett, Laurie Billing, Seth Eckel, Pam Daily Kirley, Ruth Lynfield, Maya L Monroe, Melanie Spencer, Nancy Spina, H Keipp Talbot, Ann Thomas, Salina M Torres, Kimberly Yousey-Hindes, James A Singleton, Manish Patel, Carrie Reed, Alicia M Fry, US Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness (Flu VE) Network, the Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network, and the Assessment Branch, Immunization Services Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Huong Q McLean, Jennifer P King, Mary Patricia Nowalk, G K Balasubramani, Todd M Bear, Robert Hickey, John V Williams, Evelyn C Reis, Krissy K Moehling, Heather Eng, Lisa A Jackson, Michael Smith, Chandni Raiyani, Lydia Clipper, Kempapura Murthy, Wencong Chen, Michael Reis, Joshua G Petrie, Ryan E Malosh, E J McSpadden, Hannah E Segaloff, Caroline K Cheng, Rachel Truscon, Emileigh Johnson, Lois E Lamerato, Bret Rosenblum, Samantha Ford, Monika Johnson, Jonathan M Raviotta, Terrie Sax, Jonathan Steele, Michael Susick, Rina Chabra, Edward Garofolo, Philip Iozzi, Barbara Kevish, Donald B Middleton, Leonard Urbanski, Teresa Ponder, Todd Crumbaker, Iosefo Iosefo, Patricia Sleeth, Virginia Gandy, Kelsey Bounds, Mary Kylberg, Arundhati Rao, Robert Fader, Kimberley Walker, Marcus Volz, Jeremy Ray, Deborah Price, Jennifer Thomas, Hania Wehbe-Janek, Madhava Beeram, John Boyd, Jamie Walkowiak, Robert Probe, Glen Couchman, Shahin Motakef, Alejandro Arroliga, Anne Kaniclides, Emerson Bouldin, Christoph Baker, Kimberly Berke, Mackenzie Smith, Niharika Rajesh, Elizabeth Alleman, Sarah Bauer, Michelle Groesbeck, Kristyn Brundidge, Neha Hafeez, Jayla Jackson, Ian Anastasia, Gabriel Kadoo, Sarah Petnic, Alison Ryan, Amber Maslar, James Meek, Rona Chen, Samantha Stephens, Stepy Thomas, Suzanne Segler, Kyle Openo, Emily Fawcett, Monica Farley, Andrew Martin, Patricia Ryan, Robert Sunkel, Taylor Lutich, Rebecca Perlmutter, Brittany Grace, Timothy Blood, Cindy Zerrlaut, Melissa McMahon, Anna Strain, Jamie Christensen, Kathy Angeles, Lisa Butler, Sarah Khanlian, Robert Mansmann, Chelsea McMullen, Eva Pradhan, Katarina Manzi, Christina Felsen, Maria Gaitan, Krista Long, Nicholas Fisher, Emily Hawley, Rory O'Shaughnessy, Magdalena Scott, Courtney Crawford, William Schaffner, Tiffanie Markus, Karen Leib, Katie Dyer, Tammy Santibanez, Yusheng Zhai, Pengjun Lu, Anup Srivastav, Mei-Chuan Hung
Abstract
Background: The severity of the 2017-2018 influenza season in the United States was high, with influenza A(H3N2) viruses predominating. Here, we report influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) and estimate the number of vaccine-prevented influenza-associated illnesses, medical visits, hospitalizations, and deaths for the 2017-2018 influenza season.
Methods: We used national age-specific estimates of 2017-2018 influenza vaccine coverage and disease burden. We estimated VE against medically attended reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction-confirmed influenza virus infection in the ambulatory setting using a test-negative design. We used a compartmental model to estimate numbers of influenza-associated outcomes prevented by vaccination.
Results: The VE against outpatient, medically attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza was 38% (95% confidence interval [CI], 31%-43%), including 22% (95% CI, 12%-31%) against influenza A(H3N2), 62% (95% CI, 50%-71%) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, and 50% (95% CI, 41%-57%) against influenza B. We estimated that influenza vaccination prevented 7.1 million (95% CrI, 5.4 million-9.3 million) illnesses, 3.7 million (95% CrI, 2.8 million-4.9 million) medical visits, 109 000 (95% CrI, 39 000-231 000) hospitalizations, and 8000 (95% credible interval [CrI], 1100-21 000) deaths. Vaccination prevented 10% of expected hospitalizations overall and 41% among young children (6 months-4 years).
Conclusions: Despite 38% VE, influenza vaccination reduced a substantial burden of influenza-associated illness, medical visits, hospitalizations, and deaths in the United States during the 2017-2018 season. Our results demonstrate the benefit of current influenza vaccination and the need for improved vaccines.
Keywords: burden; influenza; prevented illnesses; vaccination.
Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2019.
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Source: PubMed