Effect of Ambient Bright Light on Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in People With Dementia: A Systematic Review

Ying-Ling Jao, Julian Wang, Yo-Jen Liao, Jyotsana Parajuli, Diane Berish, Marie Boltz, Kimberly Van Haitsma, Nan Wang, Lauren McNally, Margaret Calkins, Ying-Ling Jao, Julian Wang, Yo-Jen Liao, Jyotsana Parajuli, Diane Berish, Marie Boltz, Kimberly Van Haitsma, Nan Wang, Lauren McNally, Margaret Calkins

Abstract

Background and objectives: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) commonly occur in persons living with dementia. Bright light (BL) interventions have shown some positive impact on BPSD. Ambient lighting is a more efficient approach to delivering BL with better compliance and less staff workload than individual-based lighting interventions. Yet, its effect has not been systematically reviewed. This review synthesized research evidence on the effect of ambient BL on BPSD.

Research design and methods: This review searched literature from PubMed (Medline), CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane in February 2021. Original research testing the effect of ambient BL on BPSD in persons with dementia was included. Two reviewers independently screened, extracted data, and assessed the quality of each article.

Results: Nine studies were reviewed with 1 randomized controlled trial and 8 quasi-experimental studies. The sample size ranged from 14 to 89 participants across care settings. While not all studies showed positive results, evidence from multiple studies revealed the positive effect of ambient BL on depressive symptoms and agitation in persons with dementia. The ambient BL that showed a positive effect targeted at approximately 350-750 lux, 4,500-9,325 K, and/or circadian stimulus = 0.375-0.4 for 10-12 hr a day for 4 weeks or longer. Evidence on other BPSD was mixed or too limited to draw conclusions.

Discussion and implications: A preponderance of evidence suggests that, when properly designed and implemented, ambient BL shows promise in reducing depressive symptoms and agitation. Future research, using more rigorous designs, is needed to further test the effect of ambient BL on BPSD with attention to lighting parameters, measurement approaches, and intervention fidelity.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Ambient light, Behavior; BPSD, Dementia.

© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
PRISMA diagram.

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Source: PubMed

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