Lifestyle habits and gastric cancer in an East Asian population: a Mendelian randomization study

Yuegui Tan, Zhao Wei, Kun Liu, Yuzhen Qin, Wenqi Hui, Yuegui Tan, Zhao Wei, Kun Liu, Yuzhen Qin, Wenqi Hui

Abstract

Background: Epidemiological evidence suggests an association between lifestyle habits (smoking, alcohol consumption, tea, coffee intake, etc.) and gastric cancer (GC). However, the causal relationship remains uncertain. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to ascertain whether there is a causal connection between them.

Methods: Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed using the publicly available Genome Wide Association Study summary datasets using six methods: inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median, MR using a Robust Adjusted Profile Score (MR.Raps), MR using a Robust Adjusted Profile Score (MR-PRESSO), Radial regression of MR, and Causal Analysis Using Summary Effect Estimates (CAUSE). A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the robustness of the results.

Results: In an East Asian population, we found that increased tea intake reduced the risk of GC [odds ratio (OR)= 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI)= 0.82-0.99, P = 0.037] while there was a positive association between smoking and GC (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.04-2.39, P = 0.032). No causal relationship between alcohol and coffee intake and GC. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated the robustness of these causal associations.

Conclusions: Our study suggests that tea intake may reduce the risk of GC, for which smoking is a potential risk factor. Nevertheless, a larger and more diverse sample size is needed for further validation.

Keywords: Mendelian randomization; alcohol consumption; coffee intake; gastric cancer; smoking; tea intake.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Copyright © 2023 Tan, Wei, Liu, Qin and Hui.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Causal effect of Lifestyle Factors in European on GC. (A) Smoking and GC; (B) Alcohol intake and GC; (C) Tea intake and GC; (D) Coffee intake and GC; The green point means the effect (OR). GC, Gastric cancer.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Causal effect of Lifestyle Factors in Eastern Asia on GC. (A) Smoking and GC; (B) Alcohol intake and GC; (C) Tea intake and GC; (D) Coffee intake and GC; The green point means the effect (OR). GC, Gastric cancer.

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