Assessing regulatory emotional self-efficacy in three countries

Gian Vittorio Caprara, Laura Di Giunta, Nancy Eisenberg, Maria Gerbino, Concetta Pastorelli, Carlo Tramontano, Gian Vittorio Caprara, Laura Di Giunta, Nancy Eisenberg, Maria Gerbino, Concetta Pastorelli, Carlo Tramontano

Abstract

The Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy (RESE) scale was developed to assess perceived self-efficacy in managing negative (NEG) and in expressing positive (POS) affect (G. V. Caprara & M. Gerbino, 2001). In this study of young adults, the factorial structure of the RESE scale was found to be similar in Italy, the United States, and Bolivia. In addition to a factor for POS, NEG was represented by a second-order factor of 2 different negative affects: despondency-distress (DES) and anger-irritation (ANG). Overall, there was partial invariance at both metric and scalar levels across gender and countries. Discriminant and convergent validity of the RESE scale was further examined in the Italian sample. Stronger patterns of association of POS with prosocial behavior, of ANG with low aggressive behavior problems and irritability, and of DES with low anxiety/depressive problems and shyness and high self-esteem were found.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Path diagram of the negative Second-Order Factor with two first-order factors and a first-order positive factor in Italy, the United States, and in Bolivia. Unstandardized factor loadings are shown on the straight arrows, whereas factors and error terms intercorrelations are shown on the curved arrows. The parameter estimates refer, respectively, to Italian, U.S., and Bolivian samples. ANG = perceived self-efficacy in managing anger/irritation; NEG = perceived self-efficacy in managing negative affect; DES = perceived self-efficacy in managing despondency/distress; POS = perceived self-efficacy in expressing positive affect; e1–e12 represent error terms.

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