Effects of alternate-day fasting or daily calorie restriction on body composition, fat distribution, and circulating adipokines: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
John F Trepanowski, Cynthia M Kroeger, Adrienne Barnosky, Monica Klempel, Surabhi Bhutani, Kristin K Hoddy, Jennifer Rood, Eric Ravussin, Krista A Varady, John F Trepanowski, Cynthia M Kroeger, Adrienne Barnosky, Monica Klempel, Surabhi Bhutani, Kristin K Hoddy, Jennifer Rood, Eric Ravussin, Krista A Varady
Abstract
Background & aims: Indirect comparisons suggest that alternate-day fasting (ADF) may produce greater improvements in body composition, fat distribution, and/or the adipokine profile compared to daily calorie restriction (CR), but this has not been tested directly. In a pre-planned secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial, we compared changes in the VAT:SAT ratio, FFM:total mass ratio, and the adipokine profile between ADF and CR.
Methods: Overweight and obese participants (n = 100) were randomized to 1) ADF (alternating every 24-h between consuming 25% or 125% of energy needs); 2) CR (consuming 75% of needs every day); or 3) control (consuming 100% of needs every day) for 24 wk.
Results: The VAT:SAT ratio did not change in any group. The FFM:total mass ratio increased in both ADF (0.03 ± 0.00) and CR (0.03 ± 0.01) compared to the control group (P < 0.01), with no differences between the intervention groups. Circulating leptin decreased in both the ADF group (-18 ± 6%) and CR group (-31 ± 10%) relative to the control group (P < 0.05), with no differences between the intervention groups. Circulating levels of adiponectin, resistin, IL-6, and TNF-α did not change in either intervention group relative to the control group.
Conclusion: ADF and CR similarly improve the FFM:total mass ratio and reduce leptin after a 24-wk intervention.
Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, number NCT00960505.
Keywords: Adipokine; Alternate day fasting; Body composition; Calorie restriction; Obese adult; Visceral adipose tissue.
Conflict of interest statement
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Krista Varady is the author of the book, “The Every Other Day Diet”, published by Hachette Book Group. The other authors declare no competing interests.
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.
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Source: PubMed