Physical exercise, fitness and dietary pattern and their relationship with circadian blood pressure pattern, augmentation index and endothelial dysfunction biological markers: EVIDENT study protocol

Luis García-Ortiz, José I Recio-Rodríguez, Carlos Martín-Cantera, Alfredo Cabrejas-Sánchez, Amparo Gómez-Arranz, Natividad González-Viejo, Eguskiñe Iturregui-San Nicolás, Maria C Patino-Alonso, Manuel A Gómez-Marcos, EVIDENT Group, Luis Garcia Ortiz, Manuel A Gómez Marcos, José I Recio Rodriguez, Carmen Patino Alonso, Carmen Castaño Sanchez, Carmela Rodriguez Martín, Yolanda Castaño Sanchez, Cristina Agudo Conde, Alicia San José Arribas, Emiliano Rodriguez Sanchez, Luis J Gonzalez Elena, Carmen Herrero Rodriguez, Benigna Sanchez Salgado, Angela de Cabo Laso, Jose A Maderuelo Fernandez, Carlos Martín Cantera, Joan Canales Reina, Epifania Rodrigo de Pablo, Maria Lourdes Lasaosa Medina, Maria Jose Calvo Aponte, Amalia Rodriguez Franco, Elena Briones Carrio, Carme Martin Borras, Anna Puig Ribera, Ruben Colominas Garrido, Juanjo Anton Alvarez, M Teresa Vidal Sarmiento, Angela Viaplana Serra, Susanna Bermúdez Chillida, Aida Tanasa, Maria Mar Domingo, Anna Girona, Nuria Curos, Francisco Javier Mezquiriz, Laura Torrent, Alfredo Cabrejas Sánchez, María Teresa Pérez Rodríguez, María Luz García García, Jorge Lema Bartolomé, Fernando Salcedo Aguilar, Carmen Fernandez Alonso, Amparo Gómez Arranz, Elisa, Ibáñez Jalón, Aventina de la Cal de la Fuente, Laura Muñoz Beneitez, Natalia Gutiérrez, Ruperto Sanz Cantalapiedra, Luis M Quintero Gonzalez, Sara de Francisco Velasco, Miguel Angel Diez Garcia, Eva Sierra Quintana, Maria Cáceres, Natividad González Viejo, José Felix Magdalena Belio, Luis Otegui Ilarduya, Francisco Javier Rubio Galán, Amor Melguizo Bejar, Cristina Inés Sauras Yera, M Jesus Gil Train, Marta Iribarne Ferrer, Miguel Angel Lafuente Ripolles, Gonzalo Grandes, Alvaro Sanchez, Imanol Montoya, Diego Rada Fernandez de Jauregui, Eguskiñe Iturregui San Nicolás, Jesús Delgado Naranjo, Paloma Escondrillas Wencell, Javier Rodriguez Morua, Rosa Amaia Martín Santidrián, Ana Zuazagoitia Rey-Baltar, Luis García-Ortiz, José I Recio-Rodríguez, Carlos Martín-Cantera, Alfredo Cabrejas-Sánchez, Amparo Gómez-Arranz, Natividad González-Viejo, Eguskiñe Iturregui-San Nicolás, Maria C Patino-Alonso, Manuel A Gómez-Marcos, EVIDENT Group, Luis Garcia Ortiz, Manuel A Gómez Marcos, José I Recio Rodriguez, Carmen Patino Alonso, Carmen Castaño Sanchez, Carmela Rodriguez Martín, Yolanda Castaño Sanchez, Cristina Agudo Conde, Alicia San José Arribas, Emiliano Rodriguez Sanchez, Luis J Gonzalez Elena, Carmen Herrero Rodriguez, Benigna Sanchez Salgado, Angela de Cabo Laso, Jose A Maderuelo Fernandez, Carlos Martín Cantera, Joan Canales Reina, Epifania Rodrigo de Pablo, Maria Lourdes Lasaosa Medina, Maria Jose Calvo Aponte, Amalia Rodriguez Franco, Elena Briones Carrio, Carme Martin Borras, Anna Puig Ribera, Ruben Colominas Garrido, Juanjo Anton Alvarez, M Teresa Vidal Sarmiento, Angela Viaplana Serra, Susanna Bermúdez Chillida, Aida Tanasa, Maria Mar Domingo, Anna Girona, Nuria Curos, Francisco Javier Mezquiriz, Laura Torrent, Alfredo Cabrejas Sánchez, María Teresa Pérez Rodríguez, María Luz García García, Jorge Lema Bartolomé, Fernando Salcedo Aguilar, Carmen Fernandez Alonso, Amparo Gómez Arranz, Elisa, Ibáñez Jalón, Aventina de la Cal de la Fuente, Laura Muñoz Beneitez, Natalia Gutiérrez, Ruperto Sanz Cantalapiedra, Luis M Quintero Gonzalez, Sara de Francisco Velasco, Miguel Angel Diez Garcia, Eva Sierra Quintana, Maria Cáceres, Natividad González Viejo, José Felix Magdalena Belio, Luis Otegui Ilarduya, Francisco Javier Rubio Galán, Amor Melguizo Bejar, Cristina Inés Sauras Yera, M Jesus Gil Train, Marta Iribarne Ferrer, Miguel Angel Lafuente Ripolles, Gonzalo Grandes, Alvaro Sanchez, Imanol Montoya, Diego Rada Fernandez de Jauregui, Eguskiñe Iturregui San Nicolás, Jesús Delgado Naranjo, Paloma Escondrillas Wencell, Javier Rodriguez Morua, Rosa Amaia Martín Santidrián, Ana Zuazagoitia Rey-Baltar

Abstract

Background: Healthy lifestyles may help to delay arterial aging. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship of physical activity and dietary pattern to the circadian pattern of blood pressure, central and peripheral blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, carotid intima-media thickness and biological markers of endothelial dysfunction in active and sedentary individuals without arteriosclerotic disease.

Design: A cross-sectional multicenter study with six research groups.

Subjects: From subjects of the PEPAF project cohort, in which 1,163 who were sedentary became active, 1,942 were sedentary and 2,346 were active. By stratified random sampling, 1,500 subjects will be included, 250 in each group.

Primary measurements: We will evaluate height, weight, abdominal circumference, clinical and ambulatory blood pressure with the Radial Pulse Wave Acquisition Device (BPro), central blood pressure and augmentation index with Pulse Wave Application Software (A-Pulse) and SphymgoCor System Px (Pulse Wave Analysis), pulse wave velocity (PWV) with SphymgoCor System Px (Pulse Wave Velocity), nutritional pattern with a food intake frequency questionnaire, physical activity with the 7-day PAR questionnaire and accelerometer (Actigraph GT3X), physical fitness with the cycle ergometer (PWC-170), carotid intima-media thickness by ultrasound (Micromax), and endothelial dysfunction biological markers (endoglin and osteoprotegerin).

Discussion: Determining that sustained physical activity and the change from sedentary to active as well as a healthy diet improve circadian pattern, arterial elasticity and carotid intima-media thickness may help to propose lifestyle intervention programs. These interventions could improve the cardiovascular risk profile in some parameters not routinely assessed with traditional risk scales. From the results of this study, interventional approaches could be obtained to delay vascular aging that combine physical exercise and diet.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01083082.

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