Effectiveness of Toothpastes on SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Saliva

Fernanda P Eduardo, Luciana Corrêa, Fernanda Mansur, Carlos Benitez, Nelson Hamerschlak, João Renato Rebello Pinho, Debora Heller, Letícia Mello Bezinelli, Fernanda P Eduardo, Luciana Corrêa, Fernanda Mansur, Carlos Benitez, Nelson Hamerschlak, João Renato Rebello Pinho, Debora Heller, Letícia Mello Bezinelli

Abstract

Introduction: The effect of toothpastes on viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, is unknown. This study investigated the short-term effect of toothpastes containing antimicrobial properties in patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to determine whether they could reduce the SARS-CoV-2 salivary viral load.

Methods: Hospitalised patients with COVID-19 (n = 83) were instructed to perform toothbrushing with 1 of 3 arms: a toothpaste containing 0.96% zinc (zinc oxide, zinc citrate) in a silica base (Test 1), a toothpaste containing 0.454% SnF2 in a silica base (Test 2), and a nonantibacterial toothpaste (control). Saliva was collected before intervention (T0), immediately after intervention (T1), and 30 (T2) and 60 minutes (T3) after intervention. The SARS-CoV-2 salivary viral load was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays. For Test 1 and Test 2 toothpastes, the fold reductions were normalised to baseline and to the control toothpaste at each time point after brushing. A fold change of ≥2 is considered clinically effective.

Results: Brushing with the Test 1 toothpaste reduced the SARS-CoV-2 salivary viral load by 4.06-fold at T1, by 2.36-fold at T2, and by 1.42-fold at T3. Similarly, brushing with a Test 2 toothpaste reduced the SARS-CoV-2 salivary viral load by 2.33-fold at T1, by 2.38-fold at T2, and by 0.77-fold at T3.

Conclusions: Immediately after brushing, the use of antimicrobial toothpastes reduced the salivary viral load of patients with COVID-19. The trial was registered on https://ichgcp.net/clinical-trials-registry/NCT04537962" title="See in ClinicalTrials.gov">NCT04537962).

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Saliva; Toothpastes; Viruses.

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest None disclosed.

Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flowchart of patients enrolled in the study. Test 1: toothpaste containing 0.96% zinc (zinc oxide, zinc citrate), 1.5% L-arginine and 0.32% fluoride as sodium fluoride in a silica base; Test 2: toothpaste containing 0.454% SnF2 in a silica base; and control: toothpaste containing 1.1% sodium monofluorophosphate in an abrasive base.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Mean ± standard error of SARS-CoV-2 fold reduction in the saliva immediately after brushing (T1), 30 minutes after brushing (T2), and 60 minutes after brushing (T3). The fold reductions of each toothpaste are determined relative to the baseline and to the NaMFP toothpaste control at each timepoint. A fold reduction of ≥2 (dashed line) is considered significant.

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Source: PubMed

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