Risk of dengue virus infection according to serostatus in individuals from dengue endemic areas of Mexico

I Y Amaya-Larios, R A Martínez-Vega, F A Diaz-Quijano, E Sarti, E Puentes-Rosas, L Chihu, J Ramos-Castañeda, I Y Amaya-Larios, R A Martínez-Vega, F A Diaz-Quijano, E Sarti, E Puentes-Rosas, L Chihu, J Ramos-Castañeda

Abstract

The variability in the host immune response directed against dengue virus (DENV) has demonstrated the need to understand the immune response associated with protection in incident infection. The objective was to estimate the association between serostatus and the risk of incident DENV infection. We used a prospective study from 2014 to 2016 in the localities of Axochiapan and Tepalcingo, Morelos, Mexico. We recruited 966 participants, of which, according to their infection history registered were categorized in four groups. To accomplish the objectives of this study, we selected to 400 participants older than 5 years of age were followed for 2.5 years. Blood samples were taken every 6 months to measure serological status and infection by ELISA. In individuals with at least two previous infections the risk of new infection was lower compared to a seronegative group (hazard ratio adjusted 0.49, 95% CI 0.24-0.98), adjusted for age and locality. Therefore, individuals who have been exposed two times or more to a DENV infection have a lower risk of re-infection, thus showing the role of cross-immunity and its association with protection.

Conflict of interest statement

IYA-L reports Grants from Sanofi-Pasteur, during the conduct of the study. RAM-V reports Grants and personal fees from Sanofi-Pasteur, during the conduct of the study. ES and EP-R are Sanofi Pasteur employees. JR-C reports Grants and personal fees from Sanofi-Pasteur, during the conduct of the study; personal fees from Sanofi-Pasteur, outside the submitted work; and member of the Scientific Advisory Board on Dengue Vaccine by Sanofi-Pasteur. FAD-Q and LC have nothing to disclose.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Follow-up of the cohort (2011–2016) and losses to follow-up.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Seroprevalence of Axochiapan and Tepalcingo (2011–2016).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Directed acyclic graph (DAG).

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