Comparison of extended reality and conventional methods of basic life support training: protocol for a multinational, pragmatic, noninferiority, randomised clinical trial (XR BLS trial)

Dong Keon Lee, Chang Woo Im, You Hwan Jo, Todd Chang, Joo Lee Song, Cindy Luu, Ralph Mackinnon, Suresh Pillai, Chuen Neng Lee, Sanghoon Jheon, Soyeon Ahn, Seung Hyun Won, Dong Keon Lee, Chang Woo Im, You Hwan Jo, Todd Chang, Joo Lee Song, Cindy Luu, Ralph Mackinnon, Suresh Pillai, Chuen Neng Lee, Sanghoon Jheon, Soyeon Ahn, Seung Hyun Won

Abstract

Background: Conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training for the general public involves the use of a manikin and a training video, which has limitations related to a lack of realism and immersion. To overcome these limitations, virtual reality and extended reality technologies are being used in the field of medical education. The aim of this study is to explore the efficacy and safety of extended reality (XR)-based basic life support (BLS) training.

Methods: This study is a prospective, multinational, multicentre, randomised controlled study. Four institutions in 4 countries will participate in the study. A total of 154 participants will be randomly assigned to either the XR group or the conventional group stratified by institution and sex (1:1 ratio). Each participant who is allocated to either group will be sent to a separate room to receive training with an XR BLS module or conventional CPR training video. All participants will perform a test on a CPR manikin after the training. The primary outcome will be mean compression depth. The secondary outcome will be overall BLS performance, including compression rate, correct hand position, compression, and full release and hands-off time.

Discussion: Using virtual reality (VR) to establish a virtual educational environment can give trainees a sense of realism. In the XR environment, which combines the virtual world with the real world, trainees can more effectively learn various skills. This trial will provide evidence of the usefulness of XR in CPR education.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04736888. Registered on 29 January 2021.

Keywords: Basic life support; Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Education; Extended reality; Virtual reality.

Conflict of interest statement

You Hwan Jo and Sanghoon Jheon hold unlisted shares of Tetra Signum, Inc. They will not obtain access to the study data and will not participate in data analysis.

© 2021. The Author(s).

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Study algorithm. Q&A question and answer
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Schedule of enrolment, interventions, and assessments according to the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) guideline. XR, extended reality; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Test #1, hands-only CPR; Test #2, 5 cycles of 30 compressions and a 10-s rest
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Extended reality basic life support module. a Components of the extended reality basic life support module. b The real-time chest compression feedback in virtual reality environment. c The real-time ventilation feedback in virtual reality environment
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The participant timelines. Test #1, hands-only CPR; Test #2, 5 cycles of 30 compressions and a 10-s rest

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