Alpinia: the gold mine of future therapeutics

S Ghosh, L Rangan, S Ghosh, L Rangan

Abstract

Since prehistoric era, plant-derived drugs were much preferred due to their less side effects than drugs of synthetic origin. Bioassay-guided selection of active fraction of a plant extract and further isolation and characterization of the pure bioactive compounds are in practice in both academic and industrial research. Zingiberaceae, a medicinally important, ornamental, monocotyledonous family has potential members in the tribe Alpinieae, among which the genus Alpinia is studied under this current review due to its wide range of biomedical applications. The members in the genus possess many bioactive compounds against harmful microbes to deadly diseases like cancer by regulating the different signalling pathway systems. Several compounds have been discovered and found to deliver diversified biological efficacy either in vitro or in vivo against a range of diseases. The chemical profiling of the genus and investigation of crude essential oils and individual bioactive compounds towards the therapeutic importance in various disciplines have been documented in the current review.

Keywords: Alpinia; Anticancer; Antioxidant; Bioactive compounds; Essential oil; Pharmacological.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Different plant parts of A. nigra used to extract bioactive compounds. a Alternate phyllotaxy of plants, inset depicts the stolon type of rhizome;b racemose type of inflorescence,inset shows single flower, c developing fruit cluster, inset shows mature seeds, dpulpy dehusked fruit (trilocular), elocules and mature seeds, f different stages of fruit maturity and g longitudinal and cross-sectional view of the immature fruit
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Diverse biomedical application of Alpinia species
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The structure of Nootkatone and Epinootkatol isolated fromA. oxyphylla fruits, where they differ on their 2-position due to the presence of carbonyl (–C=O) and aldehyde (–CHO) group, respectively
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The graph represents the use of various plant parts in terms of percent use towards the versatile bioactivity studies under consideration in the current review
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Different solvent system has been used for the extraction of crude oil and bioactive components. Each barrepresents the percentage of uses of each solvent towards the extraction method related to the genus Alpiniadocumented under current study
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
The potential application and research carried out in various field of biomedical sciences related to the genus Alpinia and expressed in terms of percentage biological activities considered under the current study

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