Sucrose induces fatty liver and pancreatic inflammation in male breeder rats independent of excess energy intake
Carlos A Roncal-Jimenez, Miguel A Lanaspa, Christopher J Rivard, Takahiko Nakagawa, L Gabriela Sanchez-Lozada, Diana Jalal, Ana Andres-Hernando, Katsuyuki Tanabe, Magdalena Madero, Nanxing Li, Christina Cicerchi, Kim Mc Fann, Yuri Y Sautin, Richard J Johnson, Carlos A Roncal-Jimenez, Miguel A Lanaspa, Christopher J Rivard, Takahiko Nakagawa, L Gabriela Sanchez-Lozada, Diana Jalal, Ana Andres-Hernando, Katsuyuki Tanabe, Magdalena Madero, Nanxing Li, Christina Cicerchi, Kim Mc Fann, Yuri Y Sautin, Richard J Johnson
Abstract
Fructose induces metabolic syndrome in rats; but studies have been criticized for using high concentrations of fructose that are not physiologic, for using only pure fructose, and for not controlling for energy intake. We tested the hypothesis that a 40% sucrose diet (containing 20% fructose) might induce features of metabolic syndrome in male breeder rats independent of excess energy intake. Male Sprague-Dawley breeder rats were pair fed 40% sucrose or isocaloric starch diet for 4 months and evaluated for metabolic syndrome and diabetes. In vitro studies were performed in rat insulinoma cells (RIN-m5F) exposed to uric acid, and markers of inflammation were assessed. Rats fed a 40% sucrose diet developed accelerated features of metabolic syndrome with up-regulation of fructose-dependent transporter Glut5 and fructokinase. Fatty liver and low-grade pancreatic inflammation also occurred. Uric acid was found to stimulate inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress in islet cells in vitro. Sucrose, at concentrations ingested by a subset of Americans, can accelerate metabolic syndrome, fatty liver, and type 2 diabetes mellitus in male breeder rats; and the effects are independent of excess energy intake.
Conflict of interest statement
Disclaimers and Conflict of Interest
Dr R Johnson, Dr Nakagawa, and Dr Lanaspa have patent applications related to lowering uric acid or blocking fructose metabolism in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Dr Johnson also has a book, the Sugar Fix (Rodale, 2008; and Simon and Schuster, 2009) that discusses the potential role of fructose in the obesity epidemic.
Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Figures
![Figure 1. Expression of Glut 5 and…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/3137694/bin/nihms268692f1.jpg)
Figure 2. Systolic Blood Pressure in Control…
Figure 2. Systolic Blood Pressure in Control versus Sucrose Fed Rats
Figure 3. Effects of Diet on Fatty…
Figure 3. Effects of Diet on Fatty Liver
Rat liver tissue obtained at 4 months…
Figure 4. Islet Injury and Inflammation
PAS-stained…
Figure 4. Islet Injury and Inflammation
PAS-stained pancreas shows that islets from Starch-fed control rats…
Figure 5. Decreased Insulin Staining and Expression…
Figure 5. Decreased Insulin Staining and Expression of Inflammatory Mediators in Sucrose-Fed Rats
In contrast…
Figure 6. URAT1 Expression in Pancreatic Islets
Figure 6. URAT1 Expression in Pancreatic Islets
Minimal URAT-1 was expressed by islets in starch…
Figure 7. Effect of Uric acid on…
Figure 7. Effect of Uric acid on Rat Pancreatic Islet Cells
Pancreatic RIN-m5F cells were…
- Comparison of free fructose and glucose to sucrose in the ability to cause fatty liver.Sánchez-Lozada LG, Mu W, Roncal C, Sautin YY, Abdelmalek M, Reungjui S, Le M, Nakagawa T, Lan HY, Yu X, Johnson RJ. Sánchez-Lozada LG, et al. Eur J Nutr. 2010 Feb;49(1):1-9. doi: 10.1007/s00394-009-0042-x. Epub 2009 Jul 22. Eur J Nutr. 2010. PMID: 19626358 Free PMC article.
- High-fat and high-sucrose (western) diet induces steatohepatitis that is dependent on fructokinase.Ishimoto T, Lanaspa MA, Rivard CJ, Roncal-Jimenez CA, Orlicky DJ, Cicerchi C, McMahan RH, Abdelmalek MF, Rosen HR, Jackman MR, MacLean PS, Diggle CP, Asipu A, Inaba S, Kosugi T, Sato W, Maruyama S, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Sautin YY, Hill JO, Bonthron DT, Johnson RJ. Ishimoto T, et al. Hepatology. 2013 Nov;58(5):1632-43. doi: 10.1002/hep.26594. Epub 2013 Oct 8. Hepatology. 2013. PMID: 23813872 Free PMC article.
- Circadian rhythm-dependent induction of hepatic lipogenic gene expression in rats fed a high-sucrose diet.Sun S, Hanzawa F, Kim D, Umeki M, Nakajima S, Sakai K, Ikeda S, Mochizuki S, Oda H. Sun S, et al. J Biol Chem. 2019 Oct 18;294(42):15206-15217. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.010328. Epub 2019 Sep 3. J Biol Chem. 2019. PMID: 31481463 Free PMC article.
- Way back for fructose and liver metabolism: bench side to molecular insights.Rebollo A, Roglans N, Alegret M, Laguna JC. Rebollo A, et al. World J Gastroenterol. 2012 Dec 7;18(45):6552-9. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i45.6552. World J Gastroenterol. 2012. PMID: 23236229 Free PMC article. Review.
- Energy and fructose from beverages sweetened with sugar or high-fructose corn syrup pose a health risk for some people.Bray GA. Bray GA. Adv Nutr. 2013 Mar 1;4(2):220-5. doi: 10.3945/an.112.002816. Adv Nutr. 2013. PMID: 23493538 Free PMC article. Review.
- Uric Acid and Chronic Kidney Disease: Still More to Do.Johnson RJ, Sanchez Lozada LG, Lanaspa MA, Piani F, Borghi C. Johnson RJ, et al. Kidney Int Rep. 2022 Dec 5;8(2):229-239. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.11.016. eCollection 2023 Feb. Kidney Int Rep. 2022. PMID: 36815099 Free PMC article. Review.
- Bidirectional temporal relationships between uric acid and insulin and their joint impact on incident diabetes.Yan Y, Wang X, Li S, Sun D, Fan L, Bazzano L, He J, Zhang T, Chen W. Yan Y, et al. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2023 Feb;33(2):331-339. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.11.022. Epub 2022 Nov 28. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2023. PMID: 36642603
- Do thrifty genes exist? Revisiting uricase.Johnson RJ, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Nakagawa T, Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Tolan D, Gaucher EA, Andrews P, Lanaspa MA. Johnson RJ, et al. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2022 Oct;30(10):1917-1926. doi: 10.1002/oby.23540. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2022. PMID: 36150210 Review.
- Stevioside Enhances the Anti-Adipogenic Effect and β-Oxidation by Activating AMPK in 3T3-L1 Cells and Epididymal Adipose Tissues of db/db Mice.Park M, Baek H, Han JY, Lee HJ. Park M, et al. Cells. 2022 Mar 23;11(7):1076. doi: 10.3390/cells11071076. Cells. 2022. PMID: 35406641 Free PMC article.
- Synergistic Interaction between Hyperuricemia and Abdominal Obesity as a Risk Factor for Metabolic Syndrome Components in Korean Population.Lee MJ, Khang AR, Kang YH, Yun MS, Yi D. Lee MJ, et al. Diabetes Metab J. 2022 Sep;46(5):756-766. doi: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0166. Epub 2022 Jan 20. Diabetes Metab J. 2022. PMID: 35045592 Free PMC article.
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Animals
- Anion Transport Proteins / genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Energy Intake*
- Fatty Liver / etiology*
- Fructose / metabolism
- Male
- Metabolic Syndrome / etiology
- Pancreatitis / etiology*
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Starch / administration & dosage
- Sucrose / administration & dosage
- Sucrose / toxicity*
- Anion Transport Proteins
- Slc22a12 protein, rat
- Fructose
- Sucrose
- Starch
- Full Text Sources
- Medical
NCBI Literature Resources
The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited.
National Library of Medicine
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20894
![Figure 2. Systolic Blood Pressure in Control…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/3137694/bin/nihms268692f2.jpg)
![Figure 3. Effects of Diet on Fatty…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/3137694/bin/nihms268692f3.jpg)
Figure 4. Islet Injury and Inflammation
PAS-stained…
Figure 4. Islet Injury and Inflammation
PAS-stained pancreas shows that islets from Starch-fed control rats…
Figure 5. Decreased Insulin Staining and Expression…
Figure 5. Decreased Insulin Staining and Expression of Inflammatory Mediators in Sucrose-Fed Rats
In contrast…
Figure 6. URAT1 Expression in Pancreatic Islets
Figure 6. URAT1 Expression in Pancreatic Islets
Minimal URAT-1 was expressed by islets in starch…
Figure 7. Effect of Uric acid on…
Figure 7. Effect of Uric acid on Rat Pancreatic Islet Cells
Pancreatic RIN-m5F cells were…
- Comparison of free fructose and glucose to sucrose in the ability to cause fatty liver.Sánchez-Lozada LG, Mu W, Roncal C, Sautin YY, Abdelmalek M, Reungjui S, Le M, Nakagawa T, Lan HY, Yu X, Johnson RJ. Sánchez-Lozada LG, et al. Eur J Nutr. 2010 Feb;49(1):1-9. doi: 10.1007/s00394-009-0042-x. Epub 2009 Jul 22. Eur J Nutr. 2010. PMID: 19626358 Free PMC article.
- High-fat and high-sucrose (western) diet induces steatohepatitis that is dependent on fructokinase.Ishimoto T, Lanaspa MA, Rivard CJ, Roncal-Jimenez CA, Orlicky DJ, Cicerchi C, McMahan RH, Abdelmalek MF, Rosen HR, Jackman MR, MacLean PS, Diggle CP, Asipu A, Inaba S, Kosugi T, Sato W, Maruyama S, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Sautin YY, Hill JO, Bonthron DT, Johnson RJ. Ishimoto T, et al. Hepatology. 2013 Nov;58(5):1632-43. doi: 10.1002/hep.26594. Epub 2013 Oct 8. Hepatology. 2013. PMID: 23813872 Free PMC article.
- Circadian rhythm-dependent induction of hepatic lipogenic gene expression in rats fed a high-sucrose diet.Sun S, Hanzawa F, Kim D, Umeki M, Nakajima S, Sakai K, Ikeda S, Mochizuki S, Oda H. Sun S, et al. J Biol Chem. 2019 Oct 18;294(42):15206-15217. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.010328. Epub 2019 Sep 3. J Biol Chem. 2019. PMID: 31481463 Free PMC article.
- Way back for fructose and liver metabolism: bench side to molecular insights.Rebollo A, Roglans N, Alegret M, Laguna JC. Rebollo A, et al. World J Gastroenterol. 2012 Dec 7;18(45):6552-9. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i45.6552. World J Gastroenterol. 2012. PMID: 23236229 Free PMC article. Review.
- Energy and fructose from beverages sweetened with sugar or high-fructose corn syrup pose a health risk for some people.Bray GA. Bray GA. Adv Nutr. 2013 Mar 1;4(2):220-5. doi: 10.3945/an.112.002816. Adv Nutr. 2013. PMID: 23493538 Free PMC article. Review.
- Uric Acid and Chronic Kidney Disease: Still More to Do.Johnson RJ, Sanchez Lozada LG, Lanaspa MA, Piani F, Borghi C. Johnson RJ, et al. Kidney Int Rep. 2022 Dec 5;8(2):229-239. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.11.016. eCollection 2023 Feb. Kidney Int Rep. 2022. PMID: 36815099 Free PMC article. Review.
- Bidirectional temporal relationships between uric acid and insulin and their joint impact on incident diabetes.Yan Y, Wang X, Li S, Sun D, Fan L, Bazzano L, He J, Zhang T, Chen W. Yan Y, et al. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2023 Feb;33(2):331-339. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.11.022. Epub 2022 Nov 28. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2023. PMID: 36642603
- Do thrifty genes exist? Revisiting uricase.Johnson RJ, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Nakagawa T, Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Tolan D, Gaucher EA, Andrews P, Lanaspa MA. Johnson RJ, et al. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2022 Oct;30(10):1917-1926. doi: 10.1002/oby.23540. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2022. PMID: 36150210 Review.
- Stevioside Enhances the Anti-Adipogenic Effect and β-Oxidation by Activating AMPK in 3T3-L1 Cells and Epididymal Adipose Tissues of db/db Mice.Park M, Baek H, Han JY, Lee HJ. Park M, et al. Cells. 2022 Mar 23;11(7):1076. doi: 10.3390/cells11071076. Cells. 2022. PMID: 35406641 Free PMC article.
- Synergistic Interaction between Hyperuricemia and Abdominal Obesity as a Risk Factor for Metabolic Syndrome Components in Korean Population.Lee MJ, Khang AR, Kang YH, Yun MS, Yi D. Lee MJ, et al. Diabetes Metab J. 2022 Sep;46(5):756-766. doi: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0166. Epub 2022 Jan 20. Diabetes Metab J. 2022. PMID: 35045592 Free PMC article.
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Animals
- Anion Transport Proteins / genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Energy Intake*
- Fatty Liver / etiology*
- Fructose / metabolism
- Male
- Metabolic Syndrome / etiology
- Pancreatitis / etiology*
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Starch / administration & dosage
- Sucrose / administration & dosage
- Sucrose / toxicity*
- Anion Transport Proteins
- Slc22a12 protein, rat
- Fructose
- Sucrose
- Starch
- Full Text Sources
- Medical
NCBI Literature Resources
The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited.
National Library of Medicine
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20894
![Figure 4. Islet Injury and Inflammation](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/3137694/bin/nihms268692f4.jpg)
Figure 5. Decreased Insulin Staining and Expression…
Figure 5. Decreased Insulin Staining and Expression of Inflammatory Mediators in Sucrose-Fed Rats
In contrast…
Figure 6. URAT1 Expression in Pancreatic Islets
Figure 6. URAT1 Expression in Pancreatic Islets
Minimal URAT-1 was expressed by islets in starch…
Figure 7. Effect of Uric acid on…
Figure 7. Effect of Uric acid on Rat Pancreatic Islet Cells
Pancreatic RIN-m5F cells were…
- Comparison of free fructose and glucose to sucrose in the ability to cause fatty liver.Sánchez-Lozada LG, Mu W, Roncal C, Sautin YY, Abdelmalek M, Reungjui S, Le M, Nakagawa T, Lan HY, Yu X, Johnson RJ. Sánchez-Lozada LG, et al. Eur J Nutr. 2010 Feb;49(1):1-9. doi: 10.1007/s00394-009-0042-x. Epub 2009 Jul 22. Eur J Nutr. 2010. PMID: 19626358 Free PMC article.
- High-fat and high-sucrose (western) diet induces steatohepatitis that is dependent on fructokinase.Ishimoto T, Lanaspa MA, Rivard CJ, Roncal-Jimenez CA, Orlicky DJ, Cicerchi C, McMahan RH, Abdelmalek MF, Rosen HR, Jackman MR, MacLean PS, Diggle CP, Asipu A, Inaba S, Kosugi T, Sato W, Maruyama S, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Sautin YY, Hill JO, Bonthron DT, Johnson RJ. Ishimoto T, et al. Hepatology. 2013 Nov;58(5):1632-43. doi: 10.1002/hep.26594. Epub 2013 Oct 8. Hepatology. 2013. PMID: 23813872 Free PMC article.
- Circadian rhythm-dependent induction of hepatic lipogenic gene expression in rats fed a high-sucrose diet.Sun S, Hanzawa F, Kim D, Umeki M, Nakajima S, Sakai K, Ikeda S, Mochizuki S, Oda H. Sun S, et al. J Biol Chem. 2019 Oct 18;294(42):15206-15217. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.010328. Epub 2019 Sep 3. J Biol Chem. 2019. PMID: 31481463 Free PMC article.
- Way back for fructose and liver metabolism: bench side to molecular insights.Rebollo A, Roglans N, Alegret M, Laguna JC. Rebollo A, et al. World J Gastroenterol. 2012 Dec 7;18(45):6552-9. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i45.6552. World J Gastroenterol. 2012. PMID: 23236229 Free PMC article. Review.
- Energy and fructose from beverages sweetened with sugar or high-fructose corn syrup pose a health risk for some people.Bray GA. Bray GA. Adv Nutr. 2013 Mar 1;4(2):220-5. doi: 10.3945/an.112.002816. Adv Nutr. 2013. PMID: 23493538 Free PMC article. Review.
- Uric Acid and Chronic Kidney Disease: Still More to Do.Johnson RJ, Sanchez Lozada LG, Lanaspa MA, Piani F, Borghi C. Johnson RJ, et al. Kidney Int Rep. 2022 Dec 5;8(2):229-239. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.11.016. eCollection 2023 Feb. Kidney Int Rep. 2022. PMID: 36815099 Free PMC article. Review.
- Bidirectional temporal relationships between uric acid and insulin and their joint impact on incident diabetes.Yan Y, Wang X, Li S, Sun D, Fan L, Bazzano L, He J, Zhang T, Chen W. Yan Y, et al. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2023 Feb;33(2):331-339. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.11.022. Epub 2022 Nov 28. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2023. PMID: 36642603
- Do thrifty genes exist? Revisiting uricase.Johnson RJ, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Nakagawa T, Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Tolan D, Gaucher EA, Andrews P, Lanaspa MA. Johnson RJ, et al. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2022 Oct;30(10):1917-1926. doi: 10.1002/oby.23540. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2022. PMID: 36150210 Review.
- Stevioside Enhances the Anti-Adipogenic Effect and β-Oxidation by Activating AMPK in 3T3-L1 Cells and Epididymal Adipose Tissues of db/db Mice.Park M, Baek H, Han JY, Lee HJ. Park M, et al. Cells. 2022 Mar 23;11(7):1076. doi: 10.3390/cells11071076. Cells. 2022. PMID: 35406641 Free PMC article.
- Synergistic Interaction between Hyperuricemia and Abdominal Obesity as a Risk Factor for Metabolic Syndrome Components in Korean Population.Lee MJ, Khang AR, Kang YH, Yun MS, Yi D. Lee MJ, et al. Diabetes Metab J. 2022 Sep;46(5):756-766. doi: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0166. Epub 2022 Jan 20. Diabetes Metab J. 2022. PMID: 35045592 Free PMC article.
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Animals
- Anion Transport Proteins / genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Energy Intake*
- Fatty Liver / etiology*
- Fructose / metabolism
- Male
- Metabolic Syndrome / etiology
- Pancreatitis / etiology*
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Starch / administration & dosage
- Sucrose / administration & dosage
- Sucrose / toxicity*
- Anion Transport Proteins
- Slc22a12 protein, rat
- Fructose
- Sucrose
- Starch
- Full Text Sources
- Medical
NCBI Literature Resources
The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited.
National Library of Medicine
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20894
![Figure 5. Decreased Insulin Staining and Expression…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/3137694/bin/nihms268692f5.jpg)
Figure 6. URAT1 Expression in Pancreatic Islets
Figure 6. URAT1 Expression in Pancreatic Islets
Minimal URAT-1 was expressed by islets in starch…
Figure 7. Effect of Uric acid on…
Figure 7. Effect of Uric acid on Rat Pancreatic Islet Cells
Pancreatic RIN-m5F cells were…
- Comparison of free fructose and glucose to sucrose in the ability to cause fatty liver.Sánchez-Lozada LG, Mu W, Roncal C, Sautin YY, Abdelmalek M, Reungjui S, Le M, Nakagawa T, Lan HY, Yu X, Johnson RJ. Sánchez-Lozada LG, et al. Eur J Nutr. 2010 Feb;49(1):1-9. doi: 10.1007/s00394-009-0042-x. Epub 2009 Jul 22. Eur J Nutr. 2010. PMID: 19626358 Free PMC article.
- High-fat and high-sucrose (western) diet induces steatohepatitis that is dependent on fructokinase.Ishimoto T, Lanaspa MA, Rivard CJ, Roncal-Jimenez CA, Orlicky DJ, Cicerchi C, McMahan RH, Abdelmalek MF, Rosen HR, Jackman MR, MacLean PS, Diggle CP, Asipu A, Inaba S, Kosugi T, Sato W, Maruyama S, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Sautin YY, Hill JO, Bonthron DT, Johnson RJ. Ishimoto T, et al. Hepatology. 2013 Nov;58(5):1632-43. doi: 10.1002/hep.26594. Epub 2013 Oct 8. Hepatology. 2013. PMID: 23813872 Free PMC article.
- Circadian rhythm-dependent induction of hepatic lipogenic gene expression in rats fed a high-sucrose diet.Sun S, Hanzawa F, Kim D, Umeki M, Nakajima S, Sakai K, Ikeda S, Mochizuki S, Oda H. Sun S, et al. J Biol Chem. 2019 Oct 18;294(42):15206-15217. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.010328. Epub 2019 Sep 3. J Biol Chem. 2019. PMID: 31481463 Free PMC article.
- Way back for fructose and liver metabolism: bench side to molecular insights.Rebollo A, Roglans N, Alegret M, Laguna JC. Rebollo A, et al. World J Gastroenterol. 2012 Dec 7;18(45):6552-9. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i45.6552. World J Gastroenterol. 2012. PMID: 23236229 Free PMC article. Review.
- Energy and fructose from beverages sweetened with sugar or high-fructose corn syrup pose a health risk for some people.Bray GA. Bray GA. Adv Nutr. 2013 Mar 1;4(2):220-5. doi: 10.3945/an.112.002816. Adv Nutr. 2013. PMID: 23493538 Free PMC article. Review.
- Uric Acid and Chronic Kidney Disease: Still More to Do.Johnson RJ, Sanchez Lozada LG, Lanaspa MA, Piani F, Borghi C. Johnson RJ, et al. Kidney Int Rep. 2022 Dec 5;8(2):229-239. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.11.016. eCollection 2023 Feb. Kidney Int Rep. 2022. PMID: 36815099 Free PMC article. Review.
- Bidirectional temporal relationships between uric acid and insulin and their joint impact on incident diabetes.Yan Y, Wang X, Li S, Sun D, Fan L, Bazzano L, He J, Zhang T, Chen W. Yan Y, et al. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2023 Feb;33(2):331-339. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.11.022. Epub 2022 Nov 28. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2023. PMID: 36642603
- Do thrifty genes exist? Revisiting uricase.Johnson RJ, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Nakagawa T, Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Tolan D, Gaucher EA, Andrews P, Lanaspa MA. Johnson RJ, et al. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2022 Oct;30(10):1917-1926. doi: 10.1002/oby.23540. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2022. PMID: 36150210 Review.
- Stevioside Enhances the Anti-Adipogenic Effect and β-Oxidation by Activating AMPK in 3T3-L1 Cells and Epididymal Adipose Tissues of db/db Mice.Park M, Baek H, Han JY, Lee HJ. Park M, et al. Cells. 2022 Mar 23;11(7):1076. doi: 10.3390/cells11071076. Cells. 2022. PMID: 35406641 Free PMC article.
- Synergistic Interaction between Hyperuricemia and Abdominal Obesity as a Risk Factor for Metabolic Syndrome Components in Korean Population.Lee MJ, Khang AR, Kang YH, Yun MS, Yi D. Lee MJ, et al. Diabetes Metab J. 2022 Sep;46(5):756-766. doi: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0166. Epub 2022 Jan 20. Diabetes Metab J. 2022. PMID: 35045592 Free PMC article.
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Animals
- Anion Transport Proteins / genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Energy Intake*
- Fatty Liver / etiology*
- Fructose / metabolism
- Male
- Metabolic Syndrome / etiology
- Pancreatitis / etiology*
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Starch / administration & dosage
- Sucrose / administration & dosage
- Sucrose / toxicity*
- Anion Transport Proteins
- Slc22a12 protein, rat
- Fructose
- Sucrose
- Starch
- Full Text Sources
- Medical
![Figure 6. URAT1 Expression in Pancreatic Islets](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/3137694/bin/nihms268692f6.jpg)
Figure 7. Effect of Uric acid on…
Figure 7. Effect of Uric acid on Rat Pancreatic Islet Cells
Pancreatic RIN-m5F cells were…
![Figure 7. Effect of Uric acid on…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/3137694/bin/nihms268692f7.jpg)
Source: PubMed