LBBAP vs. CS Pacing for CRT in Permanent Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure (SYNC-AF) (SYNC-AF)
Left Bundle Branch Area Pacing Versus Coronary Sinus Pacing for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy for Patients With Permanent Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure: The SYNC-AF Trial
This is a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial comparing Left Bundle Branch Area Pacing (LBBAP)-based cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with conventional coronary sinus (CS) lead-based CRT in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) who meet indications for CRT device implantation.
Atrial fibrillation and heart failure frequently coexist, and both rapid heart rate and its irregularity contribute to worsening cardiac function. Atrioventricular junction (AVJ) ablation combined with CRT (biventricular pacing) has been established as an effective strategy for rate control and cardiac resynchronization in this population, supported by Class I recommendation in the 2021 ESC guidelines. However, conventional biventricular CRT via the CS lead can induce artificial electrical dyssynchrony, particularly in patients with a narrow QRS complex, potentially limiting its benefit.
Conduction system pacing (CSP), including LBBAP, has emerged as a physiologic alternative that directly stimulates the native conduction system, preserving synchronous ventricular activation. Recent evidence (ALTERNATIVE-AF trial) suggests CSP may be superior to biventricular CRT in permanent AF patients undergoing AVJ ablation. However, no randomized controlled trial has directly compared LBBAP-based CRT with CS lead-based CRT in this specific population.
The SYNC-AF trial will randomize 44 patients (22 per arm) to either LBBAP or CS pacing for CRT. The primary endpoint is change in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at 12 months as assessed by echocardiography in a blinded core laboratory. Secondary endpoints include changes in QRS duration, major adverse clinical events, device/procedure-related complications, and ventricular arrhythmia burden.
Descripción general del estudio
Estado
Descripción detallada
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC CORE LAB:
All echocardiographic assessments (LVEF, LVESV, LVEDV, etc.) are performed and interpreted by a blinded independent core laboratory at Severance Hospital to ensure objective and consistent measurement.
FOLLOW-UP SCHEDULE:
Screening (implant day) → Visit 1 (2 weeks-1 month) → Visit 2 (3 months ±3 months) → Visit 3 (6 months ±3 months) → Visit 4 (12 months ±3 months).
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:
Primary analysis follows the Intention-To-Treat (ITT) principle. Per-Protocol (PP) analysis will be performed as sensitivity analysis. The primary endpoint (LVEF change at 12 months) will be compared using Student's t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Time-to-event analyses will use Kaplan-Meier survival curves with log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model.
SAMPLE SIZE:
44 patients total (22 per arm). Based on the assumption of an absolute 10% greater improvement in LVEF with LBBAP-CRT vs. BiV-CRT, with 80% power and 5% two-sided alpha, with 10% dropout allowance.
PARTICIPATING CENTERS:
Multiple centers in the Republic of Korea (at least 4 centers), led by Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine.
Tipo de estudio
Inscripción (Estimado)
Fase
- No aplica
Contactos y Ubicaciones
Estudio Contacto
- Nombre: Tae-Hoon Kim, Professor
- Número de teléfono: +82-2-2228-8467
- Correo electrónico: thkimcardio@yuhs.ac
Criterios de participación
Criterio de elegibilidad
Edades elegibles para estudiar
- Adulto
- Adulto Mayor
Acepta Voluntarios Saludables
Descripción
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age ≥19 years
- Indication for CRT (CRT-P or CRT-D) device implantation per current guidelines
- Permanent atrial fibrillation (with or without planned AVJ ablation)
- Ability to understand the purpose of the study and provide written informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
- Prosthetic tricuspid valve
- Prior myocardial infarction involving the interventricular septal area
- Life expectancy less than 12 months
- Unable to comply with planned 12-month follow-up for any reason
- Pregnancy
- History of heart transplantation
- Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC)
Plan de estudios
¿Cómo está diseñado el estudio?
Detalles de diseño
- Propósito principal: Tratamiento
- Asignación: Aleatorizado
- Modelo Intervencionista: Asignación paralela
- Enmascaramiento: Único
Armas e Intervenciones
Grupo de participantes/brazo |
Intervención / Tratamiento |
|---|---|
|
Experimental: LBBAP Group
Participants undergo CRT device implantation (CRT-P or CRT-D) with Left Bundle Branch Area Pacing (LBBAP) as the left ventricular lead strategy.
LBBAP is attempted first; if not feasible, crossover to CS lead is permitted.
AVJ ablation is performed per clinical indication.
|
CRT device (CRT-P or CRT-D) implantation using LBBAP as the left ventricular pacing lead.
A pacing lead is advanced through the interventricular septum to achieve left bundle branch area capture, confirmed by pacing parameters and electrocardiographic criteria (RBBB-like pattern with short R-peak latency in V5/V6).
RV lead is implanted in standard fashion.
AVJ ablation may be performed per clinical indication.
|
|
Comparador activo: CS Pacing Group
Participants undergo CRT device implantation (CRT-P or CRT-D) with conventional Coronary Sinus (CS) lead-based pacing as the left ventricular lead strategy.
AVJ ablation is performed per clinical indication.
|
CRT device (CRT-P or CRT-D) implantation using a conventional coronary sinus (CS) lead as the left ventricular pacing lead.
The CS lead is advanced via the coronary sinus into a lateral or posterolateral cardiac vein to achieve biventricular pacing.
RV lead is implanted in standard fashion.
AVJ ablation may be performed per clinical indication.
|
¿Qué mide el estudio?
Medidas de resultado primarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
|---|---|---|
|
Change from Baseline Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) at 12 Months
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline (at the time of device implantation) and 12 months post-implantation
|
Change in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) from baseline to 12 months post-implantation, as measured by transthoracic echocardiography performed and interpreted by a blinded independent central core laboratory.
LVEF is assessed using the biplane Simpson method.
|
Baseline (at the time of device implantation) and 12 months post-implantation
|
Medidas de resultado secundarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
|---|---|---|
|
Proportion of patients with absolute LVEF increase ≥5% at 12 months
Periodo de tiempo: 12 months post-implantation
|
Echocardiographic CRT response defined as absolute improvement in LVEF of ≥5% or ≥10% from baseline at 12 months, assessed by blinded core lab.
|
12 months post-implantation
|
|
Proportion of patients with absolute LVEF increase ≥10% at 12 months
Periodo de tiempo: 12 months post-implantation
|
Echocardiographic CRT response defined as absolute improvement in LVEF of ≥5% or ≥10% from baseline at 12 months, assessed by blinded core lab.
|
12 months post-implantation
|
|
Change in QRS Duration From Baseline
Periodo de tiempo: Immediately post-implant and at 12 months
|
QRS duration measured from surface ECG in milliseconds.
|
Immediately post-implant and at 12 months
|
|
Time to First Treated Ventricular Arrhythmia
Periodo de tiempo: Up to 12 months
|
Time from randomization to first detection of treated ventricular arrhythmia (VT/VF) recorded by the implanted device within 12 months.
|
Up to 12 months
|
|
Composite of All-Cause Death and Heart Failure Hospitalization
Periodo de tiempo: Up to 12 months (first occurrence)
|
Clinical events adjudicated by an independent committee.
Heart failure hospitalization defined as unplanned outpatient/ED visit or inpatient admission with HF signs/symptoms requiring intravenous therapy.
|
Up to 12 months (first occurrence)
|
|
All-cause mortality
Periodo de tiempo: Up to 12 months (first occurrence)
|
Clinical events adjudicated by an independent committee.
Heart failure hospitalization defined as unplanned outpatient/ED visit or inpatient admission with HF signs/symptoms requiring intravenous therapy.
|
Up to 12 months (first occurrence)
|
|
Heart failure hospitalization
Periodo de tiempo: Up to 12 months (first occurrence)
|
Clinical events adjudicated by an independent committee.
Heart failure hospitalization defined as unplanned outpatient/ED visit or inpatient admission with HF signs/symptoms requiring intravenous therapy.
|
Up to 12 months (first occurrence)
|
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Cardiovascular death
Periodo de tiempo: Up to 12 months (first occurrence)
|
Clinical events adjudicated by an independent committee.
Heart failure hospitalization defined as unplanned outpatient/ED visit or inpatient admission with HF signs/symptoms requiring intravenous therapy.
|
Up to 12 months (first occurrence)
|
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Immediate procedural success rate of LBBAP lead implantation
Periodo de tiempo: Immediately after the implantation procedure
|
Successful LBBAP lead placement defined by achievement of left bundle branch capture with acceptable pacing threshold (≤1.5V/0.5ms),
impedance (300-1200Ω), and electrocardiographic criteria (RBBB pattern, short R-peak latency in V5/V6).
|
Immediately after the implantation procedure
|
|
Lead capture loss rate at 12 months
Periodo de tiempo: 12 months post-implantation
|
Loss of left bundle branch capture or inability to maintain pacing threshold <2.5V/0.5ms
at 12 months.
|
12 months post-implantation
|
|
Composite Rate of Worsening Heart Failure by Echocardiographic Criteria
Periodo de tiempo: Up to 12 months
|
Composite endpoint defined as ≥5% absolute decrease in LVEF from baseline or ≥15% increase in LVESV from baseline during follow-up.
|
Up to 12 months
|
|
Device and Procedure-Related Complications
Periodo de tiempo: Up to 12 months (device/procedure-related complications within 7 days for acute; up to 12 months for chronic)
|
All device/procedure-related complications and reinterventions occurring up to 12 months, adjudicated by an independent events committee.
|
Up to 12 months (device/procedure-related complications within 7 days for acute; up to 12 months for chronic)
|
|
Reintervention Rate
Periodo de tiempo: Up to 12 months
|
All device/procedure-related complications and reinterventions occurring up to 12 months, adjudicated by an independent events committee.
|
Up to 12 months
|
Colaboradores e Investigadores
Patrocinador
Fechas de registro del estudio
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Inicio del estudio (Estimado)
Finalización primaria (Estimado)
Finalización del estudio (Estimado)
Fechas de registro del estudio
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Publicado por primera vez (Actual)
Actualizaciones de registros de estudio
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Última verificación
Más información
Términos relacionados con este estudio
Palabras clave
Términos MeSH relevantes adicionales
Otros números de identificación del estudio
- 4-2025-1786
Plan de datos de participantes individuales (IPD)
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Información sobre medicamentos y dispositivos, documentos del estudio
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