Mixed Reality vs. Traditional Arthroscopic Simulation
10 de junio de 2026 actualizado por: Javier Pereira, Universidade da Coruña
Comparative Effectiveness of Mixed Reality Versus Traditional Simulation in Arthroscopic Surgical Training: A Parallel-Group Randomized Trial
This randomized controlled trial evaluates and compares the educational effectiveness of two arthroscopic training platforms: a traditional physical bench-model simulator and an immersive Mixed Reality (MR) simulator.
Medical students and residents undergo a baseline assessment on a physical knee simulator and are then randomized into either the Traditional Simulator Group (TSG) or the Mixed Reality Simulator Group (MRSG).
Participants complete a three-session training protocol focusing on basic psychomotor skills.
Trainees are then evaluated on an anatomical knee task to measure true clinical skill transfer.
Performance is video-recorded and scored by independent, blinded physicians using the validated Arthroscopic Surgical Skill Evaluation Tool (ASSET).
Descripción general del estudio
Estado
Activo, no reclutando
Condiciones
Intervención / Tratamiento
Descripción detallada
This parallel-group randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the educational efficacy of Mixed Reality in surgical education. Medical students and residents undergo a baseline assessment on a physical anatomical knee simulator to establish initial skill levels. Following this, participants are randomized into either the Traditional Simulator Group (TSG) or the Mixed Reality Simulator Group (MRSG).
The intervention consists of a three-session training protocol focusing on basic psychomotor skills (specifically horizontal and spatial triangulation) isolated from anatomical clutter. To evaluate true clinical skill transfer, trainees are then tested on an identical anatomical knee task. All performance sessions are video-recorded and subsequently scored by independent, blinded physicians using the validated Arthroscopic Surgical Skill Evaluation Tool (ASSET) to ensure objective outcome measurement.
Tipo de estudio
Intervencionista
Inscripción (Estimado)
25
Fase
- No aplica
Contactos y Ubicaciones
Esta sección proporciona los datos de contacto de quienes realizan el estudio e información sobre dónde se lleva a cabo este estudio.
Ubicaciones de estudio
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Porto, Portugal
- Experimental Surgery Unit, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto
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Criterios de participación
Los investigadores buscan personas que se ajusten a una determinada descripción, denominada criterio de elegibilidad. Algunos ejemplos de estos criterios son el estado de salud general de una persona o tratamientos previos.
Criterio de elegibilidad
Edades elegibles para estudiar
- Adulto
- Adulto Mayor
Acepta Voluntarios Saludables
Sí
Descripción
Inclusion Criteria:
- Participants aged 18 years or older.
- Medical students or junior orthopedic surgery trainees.
- Novices in arthroscopic procedures (no prior practical experience in arthroscopy).
- Voluntary agreement to participate and sign the informed consent form.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Any visual, cognitive, or physical impairment that prevents the proper execution of the simulated psychomotor tasks or the use of the MR glasses.
- Inability to attend all three scheduled training sessions.
Plan de estudios
Esta sección proporciona detalles del plan de estudio, incluido cómo está diseñado el estudio y qué mide el estudio.
¿Cómo está diseñado el estudio?
Detalles de diseño
- Propósito principal: Otro
- Asignación: Aleatorizado
- Modelo Intervencionista: Asignación paralela
- Enmascaramiento: Único
Armas e Intervenciones
Grupo de participantes/brazo |
Intervención / Tratamiento |
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Comparador activo: Traditional Simulator Group (TSG)
Participants train using a traditional physical bench-model simulator.
The system features an enclosed chamber occluded from direct line-of-sight, forcing trainees to rely exclusively on an external video monitor for visual guidance.
The training consists of three individual sessions (maximum 10 minutes each) performing horizontal coordination and spatial triangulation tasks using physical tools.
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Execution of a three-session psychomotor training protocol utilizing a physical bench-model simulator with an external video monitor for visual guidance.
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Experimental: Mixed Reality Simulator Group (MRSG)
Participants train using an immersive Mixed Reality (MR) simulator.
The system uses MR glasses to view holographic images inside the enclosure and provides instructional visual guidance via a virtual monitor, replacing the traditional external video monitor.
The training consists of three individual sessions (maximum 10 minutes each) performing horizontal coordination and spatial triangulation tasks using physical tools.
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Execution of a three-session psychomotor training protocol utilizing an immersive Mixed Reality simulator that provides holographic images and a virtual monitor for visual guidance.
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¿Qué mide el estudio?
Medidas de resultado primarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
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Psychomotor Skill Performance Assessed by the ASSET Scale
Periodo de tiempo: Time Frame: Baseline (before intervention; assessment conducted after Phase 1, within up to 2 weeks) and immediately after completion of the intervention (assessment conducted after Phase 3, within up to 2 weeks.
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Psychomotor performance is evaluated using a modified Arthroscopic Surgical Skill Evaluation Tool (ASSET).
The total score ranges from 8 to 38, with higher scores indicating better surgical skill and performance.
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Time Frame: Baseline (before intervention; assessment conducted after Phase 1, within up to 2 weeks) and immediately after completion of the intervention (assessment conducted after Phase 3, within up to 2 weeks.
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Medidas de resultado secundarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
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Perceived Workload Assessed by the SURG-TLX Scale
Periodo de tiempo: Time Frame: Baseline (before intervention; completed immediately after Phase 1 on the same day) and immediately after completion of the intervention (completed immediately after Phase 3 on the same day)
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Perceived cognitive and physical workload during the evaluation tasks is measured using an adapted Surgery Task Load Index (SURG-TLX).
The questionnaire evaluates six dimensions: mental demands, physical demands, temporal demands, task complexity, situational stress, and distractions using a 5-point Likert scale.
The total score ranges from 6 to 30, with higher scores indicating a higher perceived workload.
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Time Frame: Baseline (before intervention; completed immediately after Phase 1 on the same day) and immediately after completion of the intervention (completed immediately after Phase 3 on the same day)
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Perceived Workload Assessed by the NASA-TLX Scale
Periodo de tiempo: After the conclusion of the last session of phase 2, within a maximum period of 1 week.
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Perceived workload during the Phase 2 tasks is measured using an adapted NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX).
The questionnaire assesses six dimensions: mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, performance, effort, and frustration.
Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale.
The total score ranges from 6 to 30, with higher scores indicating greater perceived workload.
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After the conclusion of the last session of phase 2, within a maximum period of 1 week.
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Colaboradores e Investigadores
Aquí es donde encontrará personas y organizaciones involucradas en este estudio.
Patrocinador
Investigadores
- Director de estudio: Javier P Loureiro, PhD, Universidade da Coruña
- Director de estudio: Antonio J Marques, PhD, Polytechnic Institute of Porto
- Investigador principal: Renato F Magalhaes, MSc, Universidade da Coruña / Polytechnic Institute of Porto
Publicaciones y enlaces útiles
La persona responsable de ingresar información sobre el estudio proporciona voluntariamente estas publicaciones. Estos pueden ser sobre cualquier cosa relacionada con el estudio.
Publicaciones Generales
- Magalhaes R, Oliveira A, Terroso D, Vilaca A, Veloso R, Marques A, Pereira J, Coelho L. Mixed Reality in the Operating Room: A Systematic Review. J Med Syst. 2024 Aug 15;48(1):76. doi: 10.1007/s10916-024-02095-7.
- Magalhaes R, Lima AC, Marques A, Pereira J, Santos LL. Usefulness of Mixed Reality in Surgical Treatment: Delphi Study. J Med Internet Res. 2025 Jul 8;27:e69964. doi: 10.2196/69964.
Fechas de registro del estudio
Estas fechas rastrean el progreso del registro del estudio y los envíos de resultados resumidos a ClinicalTrials.gov. Los registros del estudio y los resultados informados son revisados por la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (NLM) para asegurarse de que cumplan con los estándares de control de calidad específicos antes de publicarlos en el sitio web público.
Fechas importantes del estudio
Inicio del estudio (Actual)
20 de octubre de 2025
Finalización primaria (Estimado)
1 de junio de 2026
Finalización del estudio (Estimado)
1 de junio de 2026
Fechas de registro del estudio
Enviado por primera vez
5 de junio de 2026
Primero enviado que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
10 de junio de 2026
Publicado por primera vez (Actual)
15 de junio de 2026
Actualizaciones de registros de estudio
Última actualización publicada (Actual)
15 de junio de 2026
Última actualización enviada que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
10 de junio de 2026
Última verificación
1 de junio de 2026
Más información
Términos relacionados con este estudio
Palabras clave
Otros números de identificación del estudio
- MR-ARTHRO-2025-01
- 2025/CE/P13 (Otro identificador: Comissao de Etica ICBAS)
Plan de datos de participantes individuales (IPD)
¿Planea compartir datos de participantes individuales (IPD)?
NO
Descripción del plan IPD
Individual participant data will not be shared publicly to ensure the privacy and confidentiality of the participants, in accordance with the informed consent signed for this study and General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) guidelines.
Aggregate data and statistical results will be made available through publication.
Información sobre medicamentos y dispositivos, documentos del estudio
Estudia un producto farmacéutico regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.
No
Estudia un producto de dispositivo regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.
No
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