Validation of the adapted Leeds sleep evaluation questionnaire in Ethiopian university students

Md Dilshad Manzar, Mohammed Salahuddin, Tarekegn Tesfaye Maru, Ahmad Alghadir, Shahnawaz Anwer, Ahmed S Bahammam, Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal, Md Dilshad Manzar, Mohammed Salahuddin, Tarekegn Tesfaye Maru, Ahmad Alghadir, Shahnawaz Anwer, Ahmed S Bahammam, Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal

Abstract

Background: Current evidence supports the applicability of the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (LSEQ) in screening for insomnia. The psychometric properties of the LSEQ have never been investigated in an African population. Therefore, this study aimed to validate the adapted version of the LSEQ-Mizan (LSEQ-M) in Ethiopian university students.

Methods: Of a preliminary sample of 750 (random sampling), 424 students (age = 21.87 ± 4.13 years and body mass index = 20.84 ± 3.18 kg/m2) from Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, South-west Ethiopia completed the LSEQ-M, the General Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 and a semi-structured questionnaire for socio-demographics. Insomnia was screened in accordance with the International Classification of Sleep Disorders as a measure of concurrent validity.

Results: Although, individual items showed ceiling and floor effect, the LSEQ-M as a scale did not have these effects. Good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.84) and strong internal homogeneity as measured by the correlation coefficient between items scores and the LSEQ-M global score was found. The LSEQ-M showed excellent screening applicability for insomnia with optimal cut-off scores of 52.6 (sensitivity 94%, specificity 80%), and the area under the curve, 0.95 (p < 0.0001). The original 4-Factor model was valid in Ethiopian university students for screening for insomnia.

Conclusion: The LSEQ-M has excellent psychometric validity in screening for insomnia among Ethiopian university students.

Keywords: Ethiopia; Insomnia; LSEQ; Sleep; University students.

Conflict of interest statement

Ethics approval and consent to participate

The study was approved by the Human Institutional Ethics Committee of Mizan-Tepi University, and informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Receiver operator curves (A) No discrimination (AUC = 0.5) (B) Experimental test (0.95 (p < 0.001)) and (C) Perfect test (AUC = 1.0) in Ethiopian university students

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