Influence of low birth weight on C-reactive protein in asymptomatic younger adults: the bogalusa heart study

Azad R Bhuiyan, Sathanur R Srinivasan, Wei Chen, Mario J Azevedo, Gerald S Berenson, Azad R Bhuiyan, Sathanur R Srinivasan, Wei Chen, Mario J Azevedo, Gerald S Berenson

Abstract

Background: Both low birth weight, an indicator of intrauterine growth restriction, and low grade systemic inflammation depicted by high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) have emerged as independent predictors of cardiovascular (CV) disease and type 2 diabetes. However, information linking low birth weight and hs-CRP in a biracial (black/white) population is scant. We assessed a cohort of 776 black and white subjects (28% black, 43% male) aged 24-43 years (mean 36.1 years) enrolled in the Bogalusa Heart Study with regard to birth weight and gestational age data were retrieved from Louisiana State Public Health Office.

Findings: Black subjects had significantly lower birth weight than white subjects (3.145 kg vs 3.441 kg, p < 0.0001) and higher hs-CRP level (3.29 mg/L vs 2.57 mg/L, p = 0.011). After adjusting for sex, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking status and race (for total sample), the hs-CRP level decreased across quartiles of increasing birth weight in white subjects (p = 0.001) and the combined sample (p = 0.002). Adjusting for sex, age, BMI, smoking status and race for the total sample in a multivariate regression model, low birth weight was retained as an independent predictor variable for higher hs-CRP levels in white subjects (p = 0.004) and the total sample (p = 0.007). Conversely, the area under the receiver operative curve (c statistic) analysis adjusted for race, sex, age, smoking status and BMI yielded a value of 0.777 with regard to the discriminating value of hs-CRP for predicting low birth weight.

Conclusions: The deleterious effect of low birth weight on systemic inflammation depicted by the hs-CRP levels in asymptomatic younger adults may potentially link fetal growth retardation, CV disease and diabetes, with important health implications.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Covariates-adjusted mean values of hs-CRP by race and sex-specific quartiles of gestational age-adjusted birth weight: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Quartile I represents the lowest birth weight, and quartile IV represents the highest birth weight. Covariates included race (for the total sample), sex, age, body mass index and smoking status.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The area under the receiver-operating curve of hs-CRP for predicting low birth weight, adjusted for race, sex, age, smoking status and body mass index. The c-statistic was 0.777.

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