Demographics and Risk Profile of Elderly Middle Eastern Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: The Jordan Atrial Fibrillation (JoFib) Study

Zayd Alhaddad, Ayman Hammoudeh, Yousef Khader, Imad A Alhaddad, Zayd Alhaddad, Ayman Hammoudeh, Yousef Khader, Imad A Alhaddad

Abstract

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of AF increases with age and the elderly constitute a vulnerable cohort for higher stroke and bleeding complications.

Methods: A total of 2163 adult consecutive patients with AF in 19 hospitals and 11 outpatient clinics in Jordan were enrolled in the Jordan AF study from May 2019 to January 2021. The clinical characteristics, demographics, and risk profiles of the elderly patients (≥80 years old) were compared to the younger patients (<80 years old).

Results: Of 2163 patients, 379 (17.5%) constituted the elderly group. The elderly group had higher prevalence of hypertension (79.9% vs 73.5%, p=0.01), lower prevalence of smoking (5.0% vs 15.2%, p<0.001) and lower body mass index (28.1 ± 5.5 kg/m2 vs 29.8 ± 6.2 kg/m2, p<0.001) compared with younger patients. They also had more strokes or systemic emboli (25.6% vs 14.7%, p<0.001), heart failure (30.3% vs 22.9%, p=0.002), pulmonary hypertension (30.6% vs 24.8%, p=0.02), and chronic kidney disease (13.5% vs 8.3%, p=0.002). The elderly cohort had higher mean CHA2DS2-VASc (5.0 ± 1.5 vs 3.6 ± 1.8, p<0.001) and HAS-BLED scores (2.2 ± 1.1 vs 1.5 ± 1.1, p<0.001) compared to younger group. Among 370 elderly with non-valvular AF (NVAF), oral anticoagulant agents (OACs) were prescribed for 278 (84.2%) of eligible high-risk patients. Of the 1402 younger patients with NVAF, OACs were prescribed for 1133 (84.3%) of eligible patients. Direct oral anticoagulant agents (DOACs) were more frequently used in the elderly compared to the young (72.3% vs 62.3%, p<0.001).

Conclusion: Elderly Middle Eastern AF patients have worse baseline clinical profiles and higher risk scores compared to younger patients. The majority of the elderly were prescribed guideline directed OACs, with higher use of DOACs than the younger cohort.

Clinical studies registration: The study is registered on clinicaltrials.gov (unique identifier number NCT03917992).

Keywords: atrial fibrillation; elderly patients; middle eastern patients; risk scores.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest for this work.

© 2022 Alhaddad et al.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
CHA2DS2-VASc score in the two age groups of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).
Figure 2
Figure 2
The HAS-BLED score in the two age groups of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).

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Source: PubMed

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