Association of the Inactive Circulating Matrix Gla Protein with Vitamin K Intake, Calcification, Mortality, and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review

Stefanos Roumeliotis, Evangelia Dounousi, Theodoros Eleftheriadis, Vassilios Liakopoulos, Stefanos Roumeliotis, Evangelia Dounousi, Theodoros Eleftheriadis, Vassilios Liakopoulos

Abstract

Matrix Gla Protein (MGP), a small Gla vitamin K-dependent protein, is the most powerful natural occurring inhibitor of calcification in the human body. To become biologically active, MGP must undergo vitamin K-dependent carboxylation and phosphorylation. Vitamin K deficiency leads to the inactive uncarboxylated, dephosphorylated form of MGP (dpucMGP). We aimed to review the existing data on the association between circulating dpucMGP and vascular calcification, renal function, mortality, and cardiovascular disease in distinct populations. Moreover, the association between vitamin K supplementation and serum levels of dpucMGP was also reviewed.

Keywords: calcification; cardiovascular disease; dpucMGP; matrix Gla protein; mortality; renal function; vitamin K..

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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