Protective Effect of Aerobic Physical Activity on Sleep Behavior in Breast Cancer Survivors

Eliana Roveda, Jacopo A Vitale, Eleonora Bruno, Angela Montaruli, Patrizia Pasanisi, Anna Villarini, Giuliana Gargano, Letizia Galasso, Franco Berrino, Andrea Caumo, Franca Carandente, Eliana Roveda, Jacopo A Vitale, Eleonora Bruno, Angela Montaruli, Patrizia Pasanisi, Anna Villarini, Giuliana Gargano, Letizia Galasso, Franco Berrino, Andrea Caumo, Franca Carandente

Abstract

Hypotheses: Sleep disorders are associated with an increased risk of cancer, including breast cancer (BC). Physical activity (PA) can produce beneficial effects on sleep.

Study design: We designed a randomized controlled trial to test the effect of 3 months of physical activity on sleep and circadian rhythm activity level evaluated by actigraphy.

Methods: 40 BC women, aged 35-70 years, were randomized into an intervention (IG) and a control group (CG). IG performed a 3 month of aerobic exercise. At baseline and after 3 months, the following parameters were evaluated both for IG and CG: anthropometric and body composition measurements, energy expenditure and motion level; sleep parameters (Actual Sleep Time-AST, Actual Wake Time-AWT, Sleep Efficiency-SE, Sleep Latency-SL, Mean Activity Score-MAS, Movement and Fragmentation Index-MFI and Immobility Time-IT) and activity level circadian rhythm using the Actigraph Actiwatch.

Results: The CG showed a deterioration of sleep, whereas the IG showed a stable pattern. In the CG the SE, AST and IT decreased and the AWT, SL, MAS and MFI increased. In the IG, the SE, IT, AWT, SL, and MAS showed no changes and AST and MFI showed a less pronounced change in the IG than in the CG. The rhythmometric analysis revealed a significant circadian rhythm in two groups. After 3 months of PA, IG showed reduced fat mass %, while CG had improved weight and BMI.

Conclusion: Physical activity may be beneficial against sleep disruption. Indeed, PA prevented sleep worsening in IG. PA can represent an integrative intervention therapy able to modify sleep behaviour.

Keywords: actigraphy; anthropometry; breast cancer; physical activity; sleep; sleep quality.

Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Visual appreciation of the trajectories of the sleep parameters in the IG and CG from PRE (baseline conditions) to POST (after 3 months). Three out of 7 parameters (ie, SE, AST, IT) are representative of Restful Sleep (the higher the parameter, the better). The other 4 parameters (ie, MAS, AWT, MFI, SL) are representative of Fragmented Sleep (the lower the parameter, the better). The presence of an interaction between group and time is visualized as 2 nonparallel lines (one line per group) connecting the levels of the sleep parameter measured at the 2 time points (PRE and POST). For the statistical analysis, refer to the text.

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