The effect of smartphone usage time on posture and respiratory function

Sang In Jung, Na Kyung Lee, Kyung Woo Kang, Kyoung Kim, Do Youn Lee, Sang In Jung, Na Kyung Lee, Kyung Woo Kang, Kyoung Kim, Do Youn Lee

Abstract

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in posture and respiratory functions depending on the duration of smartphone usage. [Subjects and Methods] Participants were randomly allocated to 2 groups: group 1 (subjects who used smartphones for <4 hours/day, n=25) and group 2 (subjects who used smartphones for >4 hours/day, n=25). The craniovertebral angles of all participants were measured and scapular indices were calculated to assess the change in posture and forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity, and peak expiratory flow were measured to assess changes in respiratory function. [Results] There were significant differences in the craniovertebral angle, scapular index, and peak expiratory flow depending on the duration of smartphone usage. [Conclusion] The result of this study showed that prolonged use of smartphones could negatively affect both, posture and respiratory function.

Keywords: Posture; Respiratory function; Smartphone.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
The resting position of the scapula was determined by measuring the distance from the midpoint of the sternal notch (SN) to the medial aspect of the coracoid process (CP) (the length of the chest side) and the horizontal distance from the posterolateral angle of the acromion (PLA) to the thoracic spine (TS) (the length of the back side).

References

    1. Lee S, Kang H, Shin G: Head flexion angle while using a smartphone. Ergonomics, 2015, 58: 220–226.
    1. Berolo S, Wells RP, Amick BC, 3rd: Musculoskeletal symptoms among mobile hand-held device users and their relationship to device use: a preliminary study in a Canadian university population. Appl Ergon, 2011, 42: 371–378.
    1. Janwantanakul P, Sitthipornvorakul E, Paksaichol A: Risk factors for the onset of nonspecific low back pain in office workers: a systematic review of prospective cohort studies. J Manipulative Physiol Ther, 2012, 35: 568–577.
    1. Bonney RA, Corlett EN: Head posture and loading of the cervical spine. Appl Ergon, 2002, 33: 415–417.
    1. Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Alonso-Blanco C, Cuadrado ML, et al. : Forward head posture and neck mobility in chronic tension-type headache: a blinded, controlled study. Cephalalgia, 2006, 26: 314–319.
    1. Kapreli E, Vourazanis E, Billis E, et al. : Respiratory dysfunction in chronic neck pain patients. A pilot study. Cephalalgia, 2009, 29: 701–710.
    1. Perri MA, Halford E: Pain and faulty breathing: a pilot study. J Bodyw Mov Ther, 2004, 8: 297–306.
    1. Raine S, Twomey LT: Head and shoulder posture variations in 160 asymptomatic women and men. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 1997, 78: 1215–1223.
    1. Quek J, Pua YH, Clark RA, et al. : Effects of thoracic kyphosis and forward head posture on cervical range of motion in older adults. Man Ther, 2013, 18: 65–71.
    1. Ramezanzade H, Arabnarmi B: Relationship of self esteem with forward head posture and round shoulder. Procedia Soc Behav Sci, 2011, 15: 3698–3702.
    1. Borstad JD: Resting position variables at the shoulder: evidence to support a posture-impairment association. Phys Ther, 2006, 86: 549–557.
    1. Lau HM, Chiu TT, Lam TH: Measurement of craniovertebral angle with electronic head posture instrument: criterion validity. J Rehabil Res Dev, 2010, 47: 911–918.
    1. Kang JH, Park RY, Lee SJ, et al. : The effect of the forward head posture on postural balance in long time computer based worker. Ann Rehabil Med, 2012, 36: 98–104.
    1. Yoo WG: Effect of the Neck Retraction Taping (NRT) on forward head posture and the upper trapezius muscle during computer work. J Phys Ther Sci, 2013, 25: 581–582.
    1. Yoo WG: Comparison of the forward head angle and the lumbar flexion and rotation angles of computer workers using routine and individually fixed computer workstations. J Phys Ther Sci, 2014, 26: 421–422.
    1. Kim YG, Kang MH, Kim JW, et al. : Influence of the duration of smartphone usage on flexion angles of the cervical and lumbar spine and on reposition error in the cervical spine. Phys Ther Korea, 2013, 20: 10–17.
    1. Kim MS: Influence of neck pain on cervical movement in the sagittal plane during smartphone use. J Phys Ther Sci, 2015, 27: 15–17.
    1. Gak HB, Lee JH, Kim HD: Efficacy of kinesiology taping for recovery of dominant upper back pain in female sedentary worker having a rounded shoulder posture. Technol Health Care, 2013, 21: 607–612.
    1. Park HC, Kim YS, Seok SH, et al. : The effect of complex training on the children with all of the deformities including forward head, rounded shoulder posture, and lumbar lordosis. J Exerc Rehabil, 2014, 10: 172–175.
    1. Baghery H, Esmaeilzadeh M: Effect of different sitting posture on pulmonary function in students. J Physiol Pathophysiol, 2011, 2: 29–33.

Source: PubMed

Patrocinadores y Colaboradores

Condiciones médicas

Intervenciones de drogas

3
Suscribir