Quantitative magnetic resonance fat measurements in humans correlate with established methods but are biased
Dympna Gallagher, John C Thornton, Qing He, Jack Wang, Wen Yu, Thomas E Bradstreet, Joanne Burke, Steven B Heymsfield, Veronica M Rivas, Rhonda Kaufman, Dympna Gallagher, John C Thornton, Qing He, Jack Wang, Wen Yu, Thomas E Bradstreet, Joanne Burke, Steven B Heymsfield, Veronica M Rivas, Rhonda Kaufman
Abstract
Precision and accuracy of the quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) system for measuring fat in phantoms and total body fat (TBF) in humans were investigated. Measurements were made using phantoms: oil, beef with water, beef with oil, and humans with oil and water. TBF(QMR) in humans was compared with TBF by a four-compartment model (TBF(4C)). The coefficient of variation (CV) for replicate TBF(QMR) was 0.437%. QMR fat was lower at 23 °C vs. 37 °C. The fat increase in QMR phantom studies was consistent with the oil increase. When oil was added with humans, the increase in TBF(QMR) was >250 g for the initial 250 g of oil. With additional oil increments, the increase in TBF(QMR) was consistent with the amount of oil added. When water was added with humans, the TBF(QMR) increased independent of the amount of water added. TBF(QMR) was significantly less (mean ± s.e.) than TBF(4C) (females: -0.68 ± 0.27 kg, males: -4.66 ± 0.62 kg; P = 0.0001), TBF(BV) (females: -1.90 ± 0.40 kg; males: -5.68 ± 0.75 kg; P = 0.0001), and TBF(D2O) for males, but greater for females (1.19 ± 0.43 kg vs. -3.69 ± 0.81 kg for males; P = 0.0003). TBF(QMR) was lower than TBF(iDXA) with the difference greater in males (P = 0.001) and decreased with age (P = 0.011). The strong linear relationships between TBF(QMR) and TBF(4C), TBF(BV), and TBF(D2O) with slopes consistent with unity suggest that modifications are required to improve the accuracy. Should the latter be accomplished, QMR holds promise as a highly precise, rapid, and safe, noninvasive method for estimating the amount of and changes in TBF in overweight and severely obese persons.
Conflict of interest statement
DISCLOSURE
Authors D.G., J.C.T., Q.H., J.W., and W.Y. declare no conflict of interest.
Figures
References
- Gallagher D, Javed F. Assessment of human body composition. In: Allison DB, Baskin ML, editors. Handbook of Assessment Methods for Eating Behaviors and Weight-related Problems. 2nd edn. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; 2009. pp. 481–528.
- Wang ZM, Shen W, Withers R, Heymsfield SB. Multicomponent molecular-level models of body composition analysis. In: Heymsfield SB, Lohman TG, Wang ZM, Going SB, editors. Human Body Composition. 2nd edn. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers; 2005.
- Aasen G, Fagertun H, Halse J. Body composition analysis by dual X-ray absorptiometry: in vivo and in vitro comparison of three different fan-beam instruments. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2006;66:659–666.
- Napolitano A, Miller SR, Murgatroyd PR, et al. Validation of a quantitative magnetic resonance method for measuring human body composition. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008;16:191–198.
- Folch J, Lees M, Sloane Stanley GH. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. J Biol Chem. 1957;226:497–509.
- Bligh EG, Dyer WJ. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem Physiol. 1959;37:911–917.
- Taicher GZ, Tinsley FC, Reiderman A, Heiman ML. Quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) method for bone and whole-body-composition analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2003;377:990–1002.
- Tinsley FC, Taicher GZ, Heiman ML. Evaluation of a quantitative magnetic resonance method for mouse whole body composition analysis. Obes Res. 2004;12:150–160.
- Bruns RE, Scarminio IS, de Barros Neto B. Statistical Design—Chemometrics. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier; 2006.
- Withers RT, Laforgia J, Heymsfield SB. Critical appraisal of the estimation of body composition via two-, three-, and four-compartment models. Am J Hum Biol. 1999;11:175–185.
- Schloerb PR, Friis-Hansen BJ, Edelman IS, Solomon AK, Moore FD. Critical appraisal of the estimation of body composition via two-, three-, and four-compartment models . J Clin Invest. 1950;29:1296–1310.
- Dempster P, Aitkens S. A new air displacement method for the determination of human body composition. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27:1692–1697.
- Mazess RB, Peppler WW, Chesnut CH, 3rd, et al. Total body bone mineral and lean body mass by dual-photon absorptiometry. II. Comparison with total body calcium by neutron activation analysis . Calcif Tissue Int. 1981;33:361–363.
- Ginde SR, Geliebter A, Rubiano F, et al. Air displacement plethysmography: validation in overweight and obese subjects. Obes Res. 2005;13:1232–1237.
- Schoeller DA. Hydrometry. In: Roche AF, Heymsfield SB, Lohman TG, editors. Human Body Composition. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers; 1996. pp. 25–44.
- Yu W, Faruque O, Gallagher D, Heymsfield SB, Horlick M, Thornton JC, Wang J. An easy and inexpensive phantom for calibrating longitudinal water measurements by tracer dilution. FASEB J. 2005;19:A66.
Source: PubMed