The Effect of Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Li-Li Wang, Qi Wang, Yong Hong, Omorogieva Ojo, Qing Jiang, Yun-Ying Hou, Yu-Hua Huang, Xiao-Hua Wang, Li-Li Wang, Qi Wang, Yong Hong, Omorogieva Ojo, Qing Jiang, Yun-Ying Hou, Yu-Hua Huang, Xiao-Hua Wang

Abstract

Objective: In China, a low-fat diet (LFD) is mainly recommended to help improve blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) has been shown to be effective in improving blood glucose levels in America and England. A few studies, primarily randomized controlled trials, have been reported in China as well.

Method: Firstly, we designed two 'six-point formula' methods, which met the requirements of LCD and LFD, respectively. Fifty-six T2DM patients were recruited and randomly allocated to the LCD group (n = 28) and the LFD group (n = 28). The LCD group received education about LCD's six-point formula, while the LFD group received education about LFD's six-point formula. The follow-up time was three months. The indicators for glycemic control and other metabolic parameters were collected and compared between the two groups.

Results: Forty-nine patients completed the study. The proportions of calories from three macronutrients the patients consumed met the requirements of LCD and LFD. Compared to the LFD group, there was a greater decrease in HbA1c level in the LCD group (-0.63% vs. -0.31%, p < 0.05). The dosages of insulin and fasting blood glucoses (FBG) in the third month were lower than those at baseline in both groups. Compared with baseline values, body mass index (BMI) and total cholesterol (TC) in the LCD group were significantly reduced in the third month (p < 0.05); however, there were no statistically significant differences in the LFD group.

Conclusions: LCD can improve blood glucose more than LFD in Chinese patients with T2DM. It can also regulate blood lipid, reduce BMI, and decrease insulin dose in patients with T2DM. In addition, the six-point formula is feasible, easily operable, and a practical educational diet for Chinese patients with T2DM.

Keywords: HbA1c; blood glucose; carbohydrate; diabetes mellitus; diet; fasting blood glucose; postprandial blood glucose.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The detailed contents of the six-point formula of two groups. Notes: 1 jin = 10 liang = 500 g, Chinese conventional units of weight. Staple food/meal refers to foods rich in carbohydrates, mainly three kinds of steamed bread, noodles and rice in China. LFD: Low-fat diet; LCD: Low-carbohydrate diet.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Flow diagram of the patients.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The percentage of the calories from carbohydrates (39%) met the standard of LCD (

Figure 4

The changing trends of the…

Figure 4

The changing trends of the FBG in the LCD and LFD Groups. FBG:…

Figure 4
The changing trends of the FBG in the LCD and LFD Groups. FBG: fasting blood glucoses

Figure 5

The changing trends of the…

Figure 5

The changing trends of the postprandial 2-h blood glucose in the LCD and…

Figure 5
The changing trends of the postprandial 2-h blood glucose in the LCD and LFD Groups.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The changing trends of the FBG in the LCD and LFD Groups. FBG: fasting blood glucoses
Figure 5
Figure 5
The changing trends of the postprandial 2-h blood glucose in the LCD and LFD Groups.

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Source: PubMed

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